Purpose The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has created a global health crisis. Secondary pulmonary bacterial infection is a COVID-19 complication, increasing morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the pathogens, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and risk factors for mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Patients and Methods This retrospective study used secondary data from patients’ electronic medical records at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and Santo Borromeus Hospital between March 2020 and March 2021. Overall, 2230 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were screened, and 182 of them who were hospitalized ≥48 hours with a procalcitonin level of ≥0.25 ng/mL were enrolled. Culture examination was performed on sputum samples to determine pathogen and antibiotic susceptibilities. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine mortality-related risk factors in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Results The prevalence of secondary pulmonary bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients was 8.2%, with 161/182 pathogen growth from sputum samples. Mainly gram-negative bacteria (64.8%) were present, including Acinetobacter baumannii (31.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.8%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.8%). High rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens was found among isolate (45.9%), ie carbapenem-resistance A. baumannii (CR-Ab) was 84.2%, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) among K. pneumoniae was 61.1%. Secondary infection of MDR pathogens was associated with a higher risk of mortality (AOR 5.63, p = 0.001). Other associated factors were age ≥60 years, ventilator use, and female gender. Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria are the predominant pathogens causing secondary pulmonary bacterial infection in COVID-19 patients, implying nosocomial infection. High resistance to first-line antimicrobial drugs was observed in Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria. High rate of MDR pathogens was found among isolate and was associated with a significant risk of mortality.
Lab work has become one of the most important activities in learning Biology. Urinalysis requires special treatment because urinalysis using urine as a sample to be analyzed. There have been limitations in implementation of the lab work of urinalysis at high school level. Learning media such as virtual lab work of urinalysis was expected to overcome the limitations. The aim of this research was to develop virtual lab work as learning media of Biology. The research was held at Senior High School 4 Tangerang, using research and development method. Research and information collecting, planning, product development, and try-out and revision were the steps in this research. Instrumen used were questionnaires for need assessment for students, interviews guide for Biology teacher, and questionnaires of feasibility for media expert, material expert, Biology teacher, and students. In the try-out and revision steps, media expert and material expert were involved in feasibility testing, meanwhile Biology teacher and students grade XI at Senior High School 4 Tangerang were involved in field testing. The average percentage of all test products scored 81,76%. The result of this research showed that the virtual lab work of urinalysis could be utilized as one of learning media of Biology for Senior High School grade XI.
Penyediaan makanan di asrama pada umumnya terbatas karena masalah biaya sehingga siswa rawan terjadi kekurangan gizi. Kekurangan zat besi pada remaja dapat menimbulkan anemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh program makan siang terhadap asupan makanan, status anemia dan perilaku gizi pada santri perempuan di Pondok Pesantren Darusalam Bogor. Penelitian ini adalah pre eksperimen dengan desain one group pre post intervention. Subjek yang terpilih sebanyak 54 siswa diberikan intervensi penambahan protein dan buah pada makan siang serta pendidikan gizi selama 15 minggu. Pendidikan gizi disampaikan oleh guru dan penyegaran materi dilakukan oleh mahasiswa gizi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan energi, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, serat, kalsium, seng, zat besi dan Vitamin C mengalami peningkatan pada asupan makan siang dan berbeda signifikan dengan sebelum intervensi (p<0,05). Status gizi (IMT/U) mengalami peningkatan dan signifikan berbeda antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi (p<0,05). Proporsi status anemia mengalami perbaikan menjadi lebih baik dan signifikan berbeda setelah intervensi namun peningkatan kadar hemoglobin sebesar 0,14±1.12 g/dl belum mampu memberikan perbedaan rata-rata kadar hemoglobin yang signifikan (p>0,05). Pengetahuan dan sikap gizi santri tentang anemia signifikan berbeda antara sebelum dan setelah intervensi (p<0,05).
This research aims to increase selector knowledge about collection and use of collection-centered method so that it can measure success in developing and managing collections effectively. The location of the study was conducted at the IAIN Syekh Nurjati Library Center in Cirebon. The method used is a qualitative research method with a case study approach. Data obtained through observation, in-depth and unstructured interviews supported by triangulation by college librarians. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the results of the evaluation of the list checking process carried out by the IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon Library Center has been well marked by the process of mapping the strength of collections, using the checklist form, overcoming the existing collection gap to determine collection priorities based on checking by librarians. The collection of IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon Library Center has fulfilled three indicators of collection standards and continues to make efforts to perfect the collection in accordance with applicable standards. Therefore, with the evaluation of the collections achieved by the Syeh Nurjadi IAIN library center, it is expected that the available collections can fulfill the quantity and quality elements while paying attention to the demands, needs and tastes of the library user community, in this case academic community of IAIN Syeh Nurjati Cirebon. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan selektor tentang pengumpulan dan penggunaan metode collection-centered dalam mengukur keberhasilan mengembangkan dan mengelola koleksi secara efektif. Penelitian dilakukan di Pusat Perpustakaan IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dan tidak terstruktur dengan didukung triangulasi oleh pustakawan perguruan tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil evaluasi terhadap proses list checking yang dilakukan Pusat Perpustakaan IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon sudah baik dengan ditandai proses pemetaan kekuatan koleksi, analisis kebutuhan menggunakan form checklist, mengatasi kesenjangan koleksi yang ada hingga menentukan prioritas koleksi berdasarkan pengecekan oleh pustakawan. Koleksi di Pusat Perpustakaan IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon telah memenuhi tiga indikator standar koleksi dan terus melakukan upaya untuk menyempurnakan koleksi sesuai dengan standar yang berlaku. Oleh karena itu dengan hasil evaluasi koleksi yang dicapai pusat perpustakaan IAIN Syeh Nurjadi Cirebon diharapkan koleksi yang tersedia dapat memenuhi unsur kuantitas mapun kualitas dengan tetap memperhatikan tuntutan (demand), kebutuhan (needs) maupun selera (taste) dari masyarakat pengguna perpustakaan, dalam hal ini sivitas akademika IAIN Syeh Nurjati Cirebon.Kata Kunci : evaluasi koleksi; standar koleksi; pengembangan koleksi; perpustakaan perguruan tinggi.
Adolescent girls are vulnerable group to anemia. Students who live in dormitories tend to have less intake that can cause iron defi ciency. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of anemia among female students in the Darusalam Islamic Boarding School Bogor. This was an observational study with a cross sectional design. Subjects were 84 female students who selected purposively by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Anemic status was determined by measuring hemoglobin levels with HemoCue 301. Data on subjects characteristics, health status, menstrual status, skipping meal behavior collected by questionnaire. Level knowledge, attitudes and nutrition practices related to anemia assessed by of fi ve questions for each indicators. Nutritional status is assessed based on BMI/A indicator. The intake data was obtained by the 2×24 hour food record method collected by questionnaires. Statistical analysis using chi-square test and logistic regression. Students with mild anemia were 38.1%, while 20.2% had moderate anemia. Intake of energy, protein, iron, vitamin C were inadequate. The results of bivariate analysis showed that skipping meals were signifi cantly associated with anemia status (p=0.007; OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.4-11.4). Nutritional attitudes also had a signifi cant relationship with anemia status (p=0.048; OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.0-6.6). The results of the logistic regression test showed that the variables associated with anemia were skipping meals (p=0.024; OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.0-11.8). Islamic boarding schools are expected to provide balanced healthy and nutritious food and provide nutrition education so it can support the improvement of student’s health status.
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