Indonesia has an increasing number of obese people every year. Risk factors and complications caused by obesity can increase morbidity and mortality in the community. One of factors causing the increasing number of obese people is caused by the decreasing level of physical activities done by Indonesian people.This study aims to determine the effect of physical activity levels on the risk of obesity. The study used an observational analytic case control design. Subjects were chosen through a purposive sampling method. The population was young adults in Surabaya. The sample of the study included 97 obese adults and 97 non-obese adults. The study was conducted in March - July 2018 in South Surabaya through distributing questionnaires to two groups. The questionnaire given used the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The results showed that physical activity performed by adult age group of obesity was mostly classified as low activity (59,8%), while non-obese adult age group was mostly included in medium activity (56,6%).This shows a significant difference in physical activity between obese and non-obese groups (p=0,047). It can be concluded that decreased levels of physical activity may increase the risk of obesity in adult.

Indonesia has an increasing number of obese people every year. Risk factors and complications caused by obesity can increase morbidity and mortality in the community. One of factors causing the increasing number of obese people is caused by the decreasing level of physical activities done by Indonesian people.This study aims to determine the effect of physical activity levels on the risk of obesity. The study used an observational analytic case control design. Subjects were chosen through a purposive sampling method. The population was young adults in Surabaya. The sample of the study included 97 obese adults and 97 non-obese adults. The study was conducted in March - July 2018 in South Surabaya through distributing questionnaires to two groups. The questionnaire given used the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The results showed that physical activity performed by adult age group of obesity was mostly classified as low activity (59,8%), while non-obese adult age group was mostly included in medium activity (56,6%).This shows a significant difference in physical activity between obese and non-obese groups (p=0,047). It can be concluded that decreased levels of physical activity may increase the risk of obesity in adult.

Introduction: The adverse effects of exposure to cigarette smoke have been discovered for a long time. However, most people assume that exposure to cigarette smoke merely causes respiratory problems. The increase in free radicals from cigarette smoke will also affect sperm development, decreasing the number of sperm produced. The intake of antioxidants derived from red mulberry is expected to reduce cigarette smoke exposure on sperm count. The study aimed to analyze the antioxidant activity of red mulberries on sperm development exposed by cigarette smoke in experimental animals.Methods: This study employed experimental animals, Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus), divided into five groups with different treatments in each group. The treatment in the form of exposure to cigarette smoke and red mulberry was undertaken for 30 days. The parameters used were histological preparations from the testes by calculating the number of Leydig cells, spermatocytes, and spermatids in each tubule. Results: The results showed that the negative control group had the highest mean, while the positive control group had the lowest mean. The treatment group showed that the more red mulberry juice was given, the more sperm count was increased. The study group had a significant difference (p <0.05) and a strong relationship between groups (r> 0.80).Conclusion: In conclusion, consuming red mulberry juice can increase sperm quantity exposed by cigarette smoke.

This study aims to analyze whether the high-fat diet decreases serum TNF-α and breast tumor area on benzopyrene induced mice (Mus musculus). This study was a true experimental with the randomized posttest-only control group design using 36 female mice (Mus musculus), 3-4 months age, 25 ± 5 grams. Mice were induced with benzopyrene (BZP) subcutaneously with a dose of 0.3mg/20gBB/day for 14 days in the right breast area, then randomly divided into 6 groups, K1 (negative control group, given standard feed), K2 (positive control group, standard feed), K3 (high-fat diet with a ratio of 60% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 30% fat, 10% fiber), K4 (high-fat diet with a ratio of 45% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 45% fat, 10% fiber), K5 (high-fat diet with a ratio of 30% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 60% fat, 10% fiber) and K6 (high-fat diet on day 15 with a ratio of 15% protein, 0% carbohydrate, 75% fat, 10% fiber). The high-fat diet was administered for 28 days. The mean of tumor area delta at K1 (0.00 ± 0.00) mm2, K2 (3.52 ± 1.98) mm2, K3 (27.18 ± 21.23) mm2, K4 (13.19 ± 9.93) mm2, K5 (8.80 ± 1.72) mm2, K6 (10.81 ± 6.55) mm2, and (p=0.001). The mean of TNF-α levels at K1 (56.32 ± 8.25) ng/mL, K2 (65.99 ± 2.82) ng/mL, K3 (70.43 ± 4.61) ng/mL, K4 (58.05 ± 5.80) ng/mL, K5 (54.91 ± 3.27) ng/mL, K6 (59.67 ± 3.63) ng/mL and (P = 0.000). A high-fat diet lowers TNF-α levels and reduces the area of BZP-induced breast tumors. The lowest TNF-α levels and the lowest breast tumor area were found in groups with a fat: protein ratio = 60:30. Keywords: Benzopyrene induced, Breast tumor area, High-fat diet, Tumor necrosis factor-α

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the global health problems and in the top 4th ranks as the main cause of death in developing countries (IDF, 2015). The pathogenesis of type II DM involves abnormalities in insulin secretion and activity that leads to insulin resistance. This research aims to study the efficacy of celery (Apiumgraveolens) as a prevention of insulin resistance. In this study, the samples were 45 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), male sex, aged 4-6 weeks, weight 150-175 grams,and had normal fasting blood glucose levels by tested before treatment. The experimental animals were divided into 5 groups, K1 was negative control group (insulin resistance by given 20% fructose 1,86 g/kg BW PO qDay);K2 was positive control group (those given 20% fructose 1,86 g/kg BW PO qDayand standard insulin resistance therapy metformin 500 mg/kg BW PO qDay); the K3 treatment group was given 20% fructose 1,86 g/kg BW PO qDay and celery extract 200 mg/kg BW PO qDay; the K4 treatment group was given fructose 20% 1,86 mg/kg BW PO qDay and celery extract 400 mg/kg BW PO qDay; and the K5 treatment group was given fructose 20% 1,86 mg/kg BW PO qDay and celery extract 600 mg/kg BW PO qDay. The treatment had been given every day for 60 days.Fasting blood glucose levels were measured using a Glucometer. Fasting blood insulin levels were measured using ELISA, HOMA-IR was calculated using a standardized formula, and GLUT4 protein expression was measured using immunohistochemistry. It the end of the intervention, there was a significant decreased in fasting blood glucose (FBG) in K4 group compared with K1 (p <0.05), insulin resistance in K1 was characterized by a higher HOMA-IR value compared to the therapy group, especially K4 and K5 (p <0.05). There was an increase in GLUT-4 expression on K4 and K5 compared with K1 (p <0.05). It can be concluded that celery extract has antihyperglycemia effect and furthermore it can prevent insulin resistance condition.