. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap perubahan fisiologis (penyusutan bobot, persentase rimpang bertunas, tunas, kadar air, dan laju respirasi), serta viabilitas rimpang benih (daya tumbuh, tinggi, dan bobot kering bibit). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rimpang benih umur 7 dan 8 BST mempunyai daya simpan terbaik karena menghasilkan masing-masing total angka penyusutan bobot lebih rendah (24,65 dan 25,25%) dan tunas lebih pendek (0,30 dan 1,08 cm) dibandingkan dengan umur panen 9 BST (27,13% dan 1,62 cm), selama 4 bulan disimpan. Masa dormansi rimpang benih JPB mulai pecah setelah mengalami periode simpan 2 bulan. Pertumbuhannya mulai seragam setelah 3 bulan simpan. Umur panen jahe 7 dan 8 BST mempunyai derajat dormansi yang lebih tinggi dibanding 9 BST. Rimpang benih umur panen 7, 8, dan 9 BST mempunyai daya tumbuh tinggi (>95%) dan pertumbuhan bibit seragam setelah 3 bulan disimpan.Kata kunci: Zingiber officinale Rosc., penyimpanan, benih, perubahan fisiologis, viabilitas ABSTRACT One of the factors that determine the storability of seed rhizome of white big ginger (WBG) is quality. The quality is determined by the maturity levels of seed rhizome. The aim of the experiment was to observe the effect of harvesting time on physiological changes and seed viability of WBG seed rhizomes during the storage. The experiment was conducted at Green House and Seed Technology Laboratory of Indonesian Spice and Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor and Postharvest Laboratory, IPB, from July 2012 to February 2013. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments tested were three levels of WBG seed rhizome harvesting time: 7, 8, and 9 month after planting (MAP). Variables observed were physiological changes of seed rhizomes during the storage (weight loss, sprouting percentage, shoot height, respiration rate, and moisture content) and viability (growth ability, height, and dry weight of the seedling). The results showed that seed rhizomes at 7 and 8 had the best storability, since it was produced each low rate of weight loss (24.65 and 25.25%), and shoots shorter (0.3 and 1.08 cm) than 9 MAP (27.13% and 1.62 cm), for 4 months in storage. Dormancy of WBG seed rhizomes has been broken after 2 months in storage. Harvesting at 7 and 8 showed a degree of dormancy higher than the harvesting age 9 MAP. Harvesting time at 7, 8, and 9 MAP had high growth ability (> 95%) and uniform seedling growth after 3 months in storage.
<p class="IsiabstrakIndonesia">Informasi tentang metode pengujian benih purwoceng (<em>Pimpinella pruatjan</em>) masih terbatas, terutama kebutuhan suhu dan media perkecambahan yang tepat. Percobaan bertujuan untuk mengetahui suhu dan media perkecambahan yang tepat dalam pengujian daya berkecambah benih purwoceng. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik, Bogor,sejak Maret sampai Mei 2009. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Sebagai petak utama adalah suhu perkecambahan yang terdiri atasdua taraf (1) 18-20<sup>0</sup>C (T1), dan (2) 23-25<sup>0</sup>C (T2). Sebagai anak petak adalah lima jenis media (1) media kertas stensil/CD (<em>cross-machine direction</em>) (M1), (2) media pasir (M2), (3) media tanah (M3), (4) campuran media tanah dan kompos (1:1) (M4), dan (5) campuran media tanah, pasir dan kompos (1:1:1) (M5), sehingga diperoleh 30 kombinasi perlakuan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan suhu perkecambahan 23-25<sup>0</sup>C dengan media kertas stensil merupakan kombinasi perlakuan terbaik untuk metode pengujian viabilitas dan vigor benih purwoceng, berdasarkan nilai daya berkecambah (44%), potensi tumbuh maksimum (45,33%), indeks vigor (23,33%), dan kecepatan tumbuh (0,97% etmal<sup>-1</sup>).</p>
<p><strong>Morphological and physiological characteristics of Vinca at di fferent water stress levels</strong></p><p>Vinca (Vinca rosea L.) is one of the important medicinal crops as the sources of raw materials for traditional medicines. Its alkaloid is believed can reduce the risk of cancer, blood tension and diabetes diseases. Recently, vinca is only grown as ornamental plant in the garden, therefore, its cultivation methods is limited, especially its water stress tolerance, lite purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of water stess on the morphological and physiological characteristics of vinca. A pot experiment was conducted in the plastics house of the Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops from November 1997 to March 1998. Factorial experiment consisted two factors and three replications was arranged in a randomized block design. Ihe irst factor consisted of two vinca varieties, those wee white flowers (WFV) and red flowers of vinca (RFV). While 4 different levels of water stress i.e., (I) 100% ield capacity (FC), (2) 80% FC, (3) 60% FC, and (4) 40% FC were used as the second factor. Parameters used for evaluating the effect of teatment consisted of morphological characteristics such as (I) plant height, (2) number of primary branches, (3) number of leaves, (4) leaf area (5) dry weight of stem, (6) dry weight of leaf, (7) dry weight of flowers and (8) dry weight of roots, and physiological characteristics observed including: (I) percentages of opened stomata and (2) free proline content of leaf. Results showed that interaction between varieties and water stress did not significantly affect the morphological nor physiological characteristics. Varieties significantly affected the morphological characteristics (except plant height), however they did not signiicantly affect physiological characteristics. Water stress significantly affected the morphological (except dry weight of roots) and free proline contents. Under 80% FC, vinca produced the highest growth and dry weight of plant however, the plant growth and dry weight wee inhibited under 60 and 40% FC. Under 40% FC, percentages of opened stomata deceased signiicantly. Moeover, proline content in the leaves signiicantly increased by water stess treatments.</p>
ABSTRAK<br />Penanganan benih yang baik sangat diperlukan untuk mempertahan-<br />kan viabilitas benih nilam yang dikirim ke daerah yang jauh dari kebun<br />induk. Benih yang tidak dikemas dengan baik akan berakibat menurunnya<br />viabilitas benih dengan cepat, sehingga pada saat ditanam benih tidak<br />dapat tumbuh (mati). Untuk itu telah dilaksanakan penelitian yang<br />bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis kemasan setek berakar<br />terhadap pertumbuhan nilam. Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Balai<br />Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik (Balittro) dari bulan Desember<br />2004 sampai dengan Maret 2005. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan<br />acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri atas tujuh perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan.<br />Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah : (1) setek nilam dibalut tissue dan<br />dibungkus plastik transparan, (2) setek nilam dibalut koran dan dibungkus<br />plastik transparan, (3) setek nilam dibalut cocopeat dan dibungkus plastik<br />transparan, (4) setek nilam dibalut tissue dan dibungkus karung plastik, (5)<br />setek nilam dibalut koran dan dibungkus karung plastik, (6) setek nilam<br />dibalut cocopeat dan dibungkus karung plastik, (7) kontrol (setek tidak<br />dibalut dan tidak dibungkus). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa<br />persentase hidup setek berakar nilam yang disimpan selama 7 hari pada<br />semua kemasan kecuali kontrol masih tinggi yaitu >90%. Hampir dari<br />seluruh parameter pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman, jumlah tunas dan jumlah<br />daun) yang diamati menunjukkan pengemasan setek nilam dibalut tissue<br />dan dibungkus plastik transparan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan<br />pengemasan setek yang lain.<br />Kata kunci : Nilam, Pogostemon cablin, benih, setek berakar, jenis<br />kemasan, pertumbuhan, Jawa Barat<br />ABSTRACT<br />Effect of packing materials on the quality and growth of<br />patchouli rooted cuttings<br />Good seed handling should be carried out seriously to maintain the<br />cutting viability of pacthouli especially when the cutting distributed to<br />other region far away from the seed garden. Improper cutting packing will<br />decrease of viability the cutting very fast and when it is planted the cutting<br />will not grow.Therefore, the research was conducted to find out the effect<br />of packing material on the growth of rooted cutting. The experiment was<br />conducted in the green house of the Indonesian Research Institute for<br />Aromatic and Medicinal Crops Bogor from December 2004 to March<br />2005, and it was arranged completely in a randomized design (CRD) with<br />3 replications, consisted of 7 packing treatments. The treatments were : (1)<br />rooted cuttings wrapped using transparent plastic with tissue media, (2)<br />rooted cuttings wrapped using transparent plastic with newspaper media,<br />(3) rooted cuttings wrapped using transparent plastic with cocopeat media,<br />(4) rooted cuttings wrapped using plastic sack with tissue media, (5) rooted<br />cuttings wrapped using plastic sack with newspaper media, (6) rooted<br />cuttings wrapped using plastic sack with cocopeat media, (7) control<br />(unwrapped seedling). The results indicated that after 7 days of storage,<br />rooted cuttings of patchouli were still viable (>90%) in all treatments<br />except control. Packing of rooted cuttings by wrapping it with transparent<br />plastic with tissue media showed the best growth with more number of<br />leaves and higher plant compared to other packing treatments.<br />Key words : Patchouli, Pogostemon cablin, seedling, rooted cutting,<br />packing material, growth, West Java
<p class="IsiabstrakIndonesia">Permasalahan dalam perbanyakan tanaman purwoceng adalah viabilitas benih yang sangat rendah (≤ 20%). Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan mendapatkan metode stimulasi per-kecambahan yang dapat meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor benih purwoceng. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, Bogor, sejak Juli sampai November 2009. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), satu faktor dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah stimulasi perkecambahan yang terdiri atas 13 macam yaitu: T1=kontrol, (2) T2=stratifikasi dengan suhu 10<sup>0</sup>C (2 minggu), (3) T3=<em>stratifikasi</em> dengan suhu 5-10<sup>0</sup>C (4 minggu), (4) T4=penyimpanan kering pada suhu ruang (2 minggu), (5) T5=penyimpanan kering pada suhu ruang (4 minggu), (6) T6=pencucian dengan air mengalir (24 jam), (7) T7=pencucian dengan air mengalir (48 jam), (8) T8=imbibisi dengan GA<sub>3</sub> 100 ppm (24 jam), (9) T9=imbibisi dengan GA<sub>3</sub> 200 ppm (24 jam), (10) T10=imbibisi dengan GA<sub>3</sub> 400 ppm (24 jam), (11) T11=imbibisi dengan KNO<sub>3</sub> 0,2% (24 jam), (12) T12=pemanasan pada suhu 50<sup>0</sup>C (24 jam), dan (13) T13=pemanasan pada suhu 50<sup>0</sup>C (48 jam). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan stimulasi perkecambahan dengan pemanasan suhu 50°C selama 48 jam merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor benih purwoceng dengan daya berkecambah 51,5% dan kecepatan tumbuh benih 1,74% etmal<sup>-1</sup> dari semua perlakuan yang diuji. Hasil tersebut mengindikasikan masih perlu penelitian peningkatan viabilitas benih purwoceng untuk mendukung pengembangan tanaman purwoceng di Indonesia. Beberapa langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan viabilitas benih purwoceng selanjutnya adalah: (1) menggabungkan metode pemanasan dengan pemberian GA dan (2) menggabungkan metode pemanasan dengan penyimpanan kering pada 18-20°C.</p>
ABSTRAKRimpang benih jahe putih besar tidak dapat disimpan lama karena mudah berkerut dan bertunas. Untuk meningkatkan daya simpan benih jahe telah dilaksanakan percobaan yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelapisan lilin dengan aplikasi Paclobutrazol (PBZ) terhadap perubahan mutu fisiologis rimpang benih JPB selama penyimpanan. Percobaan dilaksanakan di kamar kaca dan Laboratorium Teknologi Benih, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat sejak Januari sampai September 2014. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi dengan tiga ulangan. Sebagai petak utama adalah dua suhu ruang simpan (1)
<p>The use of young seed rhizomes became one of the obstacles in large white ginger (JPB) cultivation. Young ginger rhizomes rapidly shrank and decrease their viability. The experiment was aimed to study growth patterns, biochemical changes, and physiology of ginger plants to produce good quality rhizome seeds. JPB rhizome seeds used were 9 months old, have been stored for 2 weeks after harvest, weighed 30-40 g with 2-3 buds, healthy, and given seed treatment. The rhizomes were planted in growth medium in polybags (60 cm x 60 cm). The study was conducted by direct observation, repeated 4 times, consisting of 50 plants per replication. Observations were made on the plant growth patterns (plant height, stem length, tillers number, leaves number); rhizome development (fresh weight, branch rhizomes number, moisture content, and dry weight during growth); starch and hormonal content (IAA, gibberellin, ABA and cytokinin) of the rhizomes; and viability of rhizome seeds (growth rate, seed height, and dry weight). The results showed that the rhizomes of the 7-month-old ginger after planting (MAP) has entered the ripening phase, the rhizome morphology was optimal, and the starch content was not different from the rhizome seeds at 8 and 9 MAP. In addition, physiologically, the rhizome's growth potential was maximal (100%), growth rate (4.3% etmal<sup>-1</sup>), and seed height (33.8 cm) were better than 8 MAP (80%, 2.9% etmal<sup>-1</sup>, 33.7 cm) and 9 MAP (70%, 2.3% etmal<sup>-1</sup>, 29.4 cm). This study indicated that ginger rhizomes harvested from 7 months old plants can be used for seeds.</p>
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