Background: As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is expected to stay for a longer time, educational activities including residency training have gradually resumed with the aid of virtual tools. In addition to continuing the residency education during COVID-19, it is also important to conduct their examination so that the graduations of final year residents are not delayed. The conventional exam pattern involved clinical case presentations and required resident interaction with a number of patients. However, in view of the COVID-19 pandemic we conducted a "zero-patient contact virtual practical exit examination" for orthopaedic residents. Methods: In order to replicate the conventional exam case-scenarios, clinical cases were prepared in a digital presentation format. The candidate used N-95 facemasks and gloves, and adequate social distancing was maintained in the examination area. We also designed a 10-item questionnaire aimed at assessing the quality and satisfaction with the exam pattern. Results: The mean score for overall satisfaction with the virtual pattern was 4.5 (out of 5) in examiner group while it was 4.1 in examinee group. Higher scores were also reported for questions related to safety of the exam, relevance and quality of the virtual cases, etc. The mean total feedback score for the examiner and examinee group was 48 and 43.4 respectively (out of 50). Conclusion: Orthopaedic residency end-of-training examinations can be successfully conducted during the COVID pandemic, and we hope our experience will be helpful to other residency programs.

Aims The aim of this study was to explore the utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the assessment of response to antitubercular treatment (ATT) and identification of treatment endpoint. Patients and Methods Forty patients (mean age, 35.3 years; 27 men) with clinically, radiologically, and histopathologically proven joint tuberculosis prospectively underwent clinical, biochemical, and PET/CT evaluation at baseline and after ~6, 12, and 18 months of ATT. Two patients were lost to follow-up, and 1 defaulted treatment. The remaining 37 were followed up until complete response (CR) was achieved. Images were visually and quantitatively (SUVmax ratio and metabolically active disease volume [MV]) evaluated by 2 experienced nuclear medicine physicians. Results Knee (n = 18) and ankle (n = 7) were the most frequently involved sites. The median MV and SUVmax ratio at baseline were 85.10 mL and 7.21, respectively. Five patients had noncontiguous vertebral involvement, 12 had pulmonary lesions, 2 had abscesses, 6 had mediastinal, and 30 had local lymph nodal involvement. Complete response was seen in 1/39, 11/37, and 30/37 patients after 6, 12, and 18 months of ATT. Significant reductions in visual analog scale score, tenderness, joint swelling, SUVmax ratios, and MVs (Friedman test, P < 0.001) were seen after each follow-up. The median time-to-CR in skeletal lesions was significantly longer than extraskeletal lesions (591 vs 409 days; Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P < 0.001). Time-to-CR in joint lesions positively correlated with MV at first follow-up (Pearson = 0.452, P = 0.005) and negatively correlated with percentage change in MV (first follow-up from baseline) (Pearson = −0.620, P < 0.001). ROC analysis yielded a cutoff of ≤71% reduction in MV at first follow-up (80.8% sensitivity, 81.8% specificity) to predict extension of ATT beyond 12 months. Using ROC analysis at second follow-up, a cutoff of ≤12.67 mL (for CR) was derived and was validated in patients at the third follow-up, with an accuracy of 84.4%. Patients with CR in PET/CT maintained disease-free state during a mean follow-up of 271 days. Conclusions 18F-FDG PET/CT is an excellent tool in estimating total disease burden, assessing response to ATT and identification of treatment endpoint in joint tuberculosis.

Introduction: The WHO defines giant cell tumor as a benign locally aggressive neoplasm with metastasizing capacity and aggressive behavior. Very rarely, these tumors are seen fungating, mostly when neglected. But when they do, the treatment option commonly conferred is amputation of the limb which is disabling and traumatizing. Case Report: We report three cases of fungating limb masses (proximal tibia, distal fibula, and distal radius) diagnosed with giant cell tumor histologically, undergoing limb saving surgeries with various reconstruction techniques to endorse a good quality of life and functioning limb. Conclusion: Our study is one of the earliest to report medium-term follow-up after such limb salvage procedure. We recommend that salvage procedures should be considered in giant cell tumors even in the presence of fungation if there is no neurovascular encasement. Keywords: Giant cell tumor, fungation, limb salvage surgery, endoprosthesis, mesh reconstruction.

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Malakoplakia is a rare chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease, related to immune deficiency and impaired bactericidal macrophage activity. Common sites of involvement include urinary bladder and kidney followed by gastrointestinal tract. We present an unusual case of abdominal malakoplakia diagnosed preoperatively on ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). It presented as a large locally aggressive mass with extensive involvement of multiple bowel loops in an 18-year-old boy following blunt trauma to the abdomen. The demonstration of calcified laminated intracytoplasmic Michaelis-Gutman bodies in histiocytes is a reliable diagnostic feature of malakoplakia on FNAC smears, which can guide an appropriate medical management.

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The objective of this present article is to review and appraise the method to determine fracture, deformation wears resistance of dental resin composite in an attempt to suggest the method and properties for investigations. This study aims to investigate the effect of different resin fillers and monomers currently available on mechanical properties and physical properties. The hybrid dental composites also contribute significantly to increasing the mechanical and tribological properties. A silane-treated filler improved the dental composite bonding strength. It is further revealed that the mechanical properties of the dental composite were improved by adding filler as well as by providing silane treatment to filler to increase the adhesion properties between resin and filler.

Nodular fasciitis is a benign, self-limiting proliferative disorder of fibroblast of uncertain aetiology, occurs frequently in the forearm. Nodular fasciitis in hand inducing carpal tunnel syndrome is exceptional. There are four cases of non-intraneural nodular fasciitis causing peripheral neuropathy that has been reported previously. We present the case of a 38-year-old man with features of unilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. Decompression of the median nerve performed subsequently along with excision of the lesion in a piecemeal fashion. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with nodular fasciitis. There were complete resolution of symptoms and no sign of recurrence at the end of 1 year after surgery.