Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common among childrenaggression and disinhibition) are the most common psychological changes following a TBI in children and adolescents.
7,8Depression and anxiety can also develop following TBI. 9 In some individuals, such symptoms resolve within weeks, while in others, these symptoms remain for years, and a history of multiple TBIs increases risk for developing chronic depression and cognitive impairments later in life.
10Hallucinations are a less common form of psychological illness following TBI.11-15 Estimates of psychotic symptoms (e.g., hallucinations and delusions) are calculated to be present in as many as 20 to 25% of all TBI cases, and the presence of psychotic symptoms does not seem to be related to severity of head injury. 13 TBIs also increase the risk of developing chronic psychosis symptoms (e.g., schizophrenia
16,17). In a recent case, 11 a male with a history of TBI in early adulthood reported experiencing ongoing auditory hallucinations for 30 years, starting within a year of enduring a TBI. This patient was treated pharmacologically (i.e., with an antipsychotics and an anticonvulsant) and with group Keywords ► adolescent TBI ► psychosis ► Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ► family therapy
AbstractIntroduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common in adolescents. TBI can result in impaired cognitive functioning and mood disturbance. In some cases, TBI results in psychotic symptoms. There is little documentation for treatment of psychotic symptoms resulting from TBI.Case presentation The present case study reviews an adolescent male who was seen in an outpatient behavioral health clinic, following a football-related TBI. The TBI resulted in postconcussive syndrome including psychotic symptoms (i.e., visual and auditory hallucinations) and increased anxiety. Management and Outcome The adolescent underwent 12 individual sessions of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and 7 sessions of family therapy for his anxiety and psychotic symptoms. He also underwent Vestibulo-Ocular Therapy. At the end of treatment, the patient's anxiety symptoms and those related to post-concussive syndrome were in remission with no hallucinations experienced for >6 months. Discussion The results provide encouragement for systematic randomized controlled trials of individual and family behavioral interventions as part of an integrated treatment approach for mild TBI.
Confrontation naming test performance is related to cognitive processing speed, although the magnitude of this effect varies by the demands of each naming test (i.e., largest for RPN; smallest for VNT). Thus, results argue that processing speed is important to consider for accurate clinical interpretation of naming tests, especially in the context of cognitive impairment.
Background: Patients with MCI or mild AD often search out non-pharmacologic treatments to improve their cognitive deficits or aid in managing them. At BAI Tucson we developed a multi-component and multi-domain cognitive training program with patients and care partners. Method: Individual sessions of cognitive training are provided to select patients at our outpatient memory center. Result: Patients often benefit with improved productivity at work and in their personal lives. They also improve emotionally with increased self confidence in their day-to-day activities. Outcomes of post treatment interviews validate these benefits. Conclusion: Cognitive training can be a powerful tool for use in outpatient memory clinics offering an alternative to pharmacologic treatments. Data demonstrate improvements in quality of life measures including improved mastery of daily activities, improved self esteem, and reduced complaints of cognitive dysfunction.
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