Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by involvement of a variety of inflammatory cells. Asthma is associated with imbalances between Th1/Th2 cells and their characteristic cytokine profiles. Nigella sativa is a plant that possesses immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.

Urban people show a certain preference in consuming native chicken eggs products.  This research aims to identify market segmentation and analyze willingness to pay (WTP) for consumers of native chicken eggs. The research was conducted at four places in the supermarket in Semarang city.  Respondents as many as 100 people were selected using an accidental sampling method. Data were analyzed by descriptive and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The results show that consumer market segmentation can explain the analysis of WTP. Marked characteristics of consumers of the native chicken egg include in between 25-50 years old (50%), female (89%), go shopping as family motivation (70%), and purchasing once a week (85%).  87% of respondents show the WTP in the range of 5 to 20% above the existing price. The maximum WTP is 23.45 thousand rupiahs per pack. The highest of maximum WTP found in rattan packaging in Superindo is 26.79 thousand rupiahs per pack. The highest WTP aggregation value is found in Gelael with mica packaging at the 373 thousand rupiahs.  Furthermore, supermarkets can contribute to apply quality standards for native chicken eggs, and protect the interests of consumers.JEL Classification:  D12, Q02; Q13

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio biji alpukat terhadap pelarut dan waktu ekstraksi pada proses ekstraksi minyak biji alpukat menggunakan pelarut n-heksan. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan pola faktorial terdiri atas 2 faktor yang masing-masing terdiri dari 3 taraf dengan 3 kali ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah rasio biji alpukat terhadap pelarut yaitu 1:5, 1:10 dan 1:15 (g/mL), sedangkan faktor kedua adalah waktu ekstraksi yaitu 120, 150, dan 180 menit. Hasil sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan rasio bahan terhadap pelarut tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap yield dan bilangan asam. Sementara itu, perlakuan waktu ekstraksi berpengaruh nyata (P≤0,05) terhadap yield minyak biji alpukat, dan berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap bilangan asam. Yield tertinggi (2,23%) diperoleh dari sampel minyak pada perlakuan rasio bubuk biji alpukat terhadap pelarut 1:5 dan waktu ekstraksi 120 menit dengan aktivitas antioksidan 62,87%, serta nilai viskositas dan densitas masing-masing yaitu 13,5 cP dan 0,96 g/mL. Asam lemak oleat merupakan komponen terbesar dalam minyak biji alpukat.Kata kunci: Biji alpukat, ekstraksi, rasio bahan terhadap pelarut, waktu ekstraksi AbstractThe objective of this research is to study the effect of seed to solvent ratio and time on oil extraction from avocado seed. The extraction is performed using hexane as solvent. The avocado seed oil is extracted in triplicate during 120, 150 and 180 min, respectively; and seed powder to solvent ratio of 1:5, 1:10, dan 1:15 (g/mL). The results show that seed to solvent ratio has not significant effect (P>0.05) to the yield and acid number of avocado seed oil. Whereas extraction time has significant effect (P≤0.05) to the yield and has not significant effect (P>0.05) to the acid number of avocado seed oil. The highest yield (2.23%) is obtained from extraction condition of seed to solvent ratio 1:5 and during 120 min where antioxidant activity of the oil is 62.87%, density and viscosity are 0.96 g/mL and 13.5 cP, respectively. The main fatty acid in extracted avocado seed oil is oleic acid.

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease and generally develops in infancy. Studies evaluating the role of vitamin D in immune mechanims in AD showed varying results. Aim: To assess the association between serum vitamin D, cytokine profiles, and disease severity in infants with AD. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on infants aged 0-12 months with AD in the Paediatric Allergy and Immunology Department, Saiful Anwar Hospital, Indonesia. The disease severity was assessed by the Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Blood was drawn to evaluate the total eosinophil count (TEC), total immunoglobulin E (tIgE), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-17A, and IL-22 levels.Results: This study enrolled 36 infants including 19 with mild AD and 17 with moderate AD. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were found in 18 (50%) and 9 (25%) subjects, respectively. The mean 25(OH)D level was lower and the mean IL-4, IL-17A, and IL-22 levels were higher in the moderate AD group than in the mild AD group (p < 0.05). A lower level of 25(OH)D was associated with a higher level of IL-17A (r = -0.315, p = 0.041). The SCORAD index was negatively correlated with 25(OH)D (r = -0.714, p < 0.001) and positively correlated with IL-17A (r = 0.522, p = 0.001) and IL-22 (r = 0.612, p < 0.001) but not IL-4 (r = 0.325, p = 0.053). Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in infants with AD, and a low vitamin D level was correlated with the severity of AD, dependently on IL-17A.

This research aims to examine and analyze the effect of the work The research objectives are the following: (1) to test and prove empirically the effect of human resources on village Financial Reports Quality;(2) to test and prove empirically the effect of internal controls on the village Financial Reports Quality.(3) to test and prove empirically the effectiveness of Village Financial System (SISKEUDES) on the village Financial Reports Quality. The research object was villages in Bantul Regency. The samples were 43 villages selected by purposive sampling method. The respondent targets were village heads, village secretaries, or financial staff. This study uses a quantitative method with primary data collection by questionnaires. The study results show that human resources in villages of Bantul Regency are still low due to lack of training and experience to make financial reports. The internal control system of villages in Bantul Regency is quite satisfactory. They have understood the procedures of their respective main tasks and functions, the risks faced by their mistakes and frauds. The Village Financial System in villages of Bantul Regency has been effectively implemented because all villages have used the Village Financial System application in order all the financial reports can be directly accounted for by the central government.

Ketentuan Pasal 53 Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan (UU 30/2014) tidak memberikan penjelasan tentang kriteria keputusan/tindakan fiktif positif Badan dan/atau Pejabat Pemerintahan, namun memberikan wewenang kepada Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara untuk menguji permohonan adanya keputusan/tindakan fiktif positif. Sebagai bentuk perluasan objek sengketa di Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara, keputusan/tindakan fiktif positif memerlukan kajian mengingat dalam implementasinya terdapat kendala dalam pengujiannya di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negra. Tulisan ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui kriteria tindakan fiktif positif Badan dan/atau Pejabat Pemerintahan dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengujian keputusan/tindakan fiktif positif oleh Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum yang bersifat normatif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan, pertama, kriteria keputusan/tindakan fiktif positif dapat diketahui dengan menggali unsur-unsur prinsip dalam UU 30/2014 dan dalam Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 8 Tahun 2017. Kedua, pengujian keputusan/tindakan fiktif positif menggunakan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik.Kata-kata Kunci: Keputusan fiktif positif; pemerintahan; pengadilan tata usaha negara

In this research aims to analyze the influence of the quality product (X1) and perceived price (X2) on purchase decisions (Y) toward Salonpas Pain Relief Patch (Case Study in Hypermart Daan Mogot West Jakarta). The data used in this research is primary data obtained from the answers of the respondents who had bought and feel Salonpas Pain Relief Patch. The sampling technique used in this research was a non-probability sampling, whereas the sample collection method can be done by purposive sampling method and the method of determining the number of samples generated using the MOE formula of 100 respondents. Respondents in this study is that consumers are shopping in Hypermart Daan Mogot West Jakarta ever purchased and feel the Salonpas Pain Relief Patch. This research uses multiple linear regression method. Research results show that the quality of products (X1) has a significant influence on purchasing decisions (Y), and price perception has a significant influence on purchasing decisions (Y), but it also results showed that the quality of products (X1) and perceived price (X2) jointly have a significant impact on the purchase decision.

Sejalan dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi, peralatan-peralatan pendukung jaringan komputer masih sangat diperlukan. Peralatan tersebut pun kini menjadi komponen penting dalam pembangunan jaringan komputer. Router adalah salah satu komponen pada jaringan komputer yang mampu melewatkan data melalui sebuah jaringan atau Internet menuju sasarannya, melalui sebuah proses yang dikenal sebagal routing. Router berfungsi sebagal penghubung antar dua atau lebih jaringan untuk meneruskan data dan satu jaringan kejaringan lainnya. Router sendiri berharga tinggi dan masih sulit dijangkau oleh kalangan masyarakat kita. Router Mikrotik adalah solusi murah bagi mereka yang membutuhkan sebuah router handal dengan hanya bermodalkan standalone computer dengan sistem operasi Mikrotik. OIeh sebab itu, penulis merasa perlu membahas tentang " Kajian Network Address Translation Penghubung Ip Public Dan Ip Private". Dalam pembahasan penulis menitik beratkan pada membuat sebuah Topologi Local Network dengan IP Private untuk terhubung dengan IP Public”.Kata kunci: Jaringan Komputer, Topologi, Router, NAT