Background: Modern contraceptives are proven as the most effective birth control methods. However, it was a change in the pattern of modern method use in Indonesia to traditional. Objectives: This study investigated the pattern of contraceptive use and its determinant in Indonesia between 2007 and 2017. Methods: The study employed data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2007, 2012, and 2017. Eligible participants included all women aged 15–49 who were married/living together with a partner. The dependent variable was contraceptive method use categorized as long-term, short-term, and traditional. Weighted pooled logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the shifting patterns of the independent variables related to contraceptive use over time. Results: The trend of contraceptive use in Indonesia has shifted over the three periods of the IDHS. During the three survey periods, contraceptive use was still dominated by short-term contraception, although over the last five years, the proportion has shown a decline of around 9%. Traditional contraceptive adoption followed the same patterns as long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), although having a smaller prevalence. Education level was significantly unassociated with the use of the traditional method at the beginning of the observation. However, more educated and knowledgeable women about contraceptive methods were more likely to use traditional contraceptives, switched from long-acting use following the next five and ten years. Long-term methods were no longer significantly more common among women in Java and Bali after five and ten years; the likelihood of using traditional methods in Java and Bali was growing. Conclusion: This study showed that contraceptive use and determinants were always dynamic over time. Therefore, family planning strategies and policies should adapt accordingly. Giving an understanding of contraceptive methods' benefits and risks through adequate method information is encouraged to prevent contraceptive dropout or switch to less-effective methods.

This study aimed to explore the factors associated with the unmet need for contraception among young women in Indonesia. Further analysis of a cross-sectional study of the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey was carried out. The analysis was restricted to 4,017 married women aged 15 to 24 in Indonesia. The outcome of this study was that there is an unmet need for contraception. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio. Generally, the unmet need for family planning among young women is still high, and the figure is 9.3% for young married women. Unmet need was higher among women in particular groups, including those with more children, women who were cohabiting, those with a higher level of education, living in rural areas, if their husbands wanted more children, and where other family members in the household made the decision for access to healthcare. Access to reproductive health information and services must be increased to address the unmet need for contraception among young women. Promoting the ideal age for marriage and expanding access to education are essential measures.

The contraceptive discontinuation rate among women age 15-49 increased from 21 percent in 2002-2003 to 29 percent in 2017. The absence of family planning counseling is considered as one of the factors associated with contraceptive discontinuation. The aim of this study was to assess the implementation of family planning interpersonal communication/counseling conducted by midwives. Data were collected in South Sumatera and West Kalimantan, with a combination of qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. Family planning (FP) counseling should be conducted prior to contraceptive use. Observation of client-provider interactions indicated that all the clients who came to the health center for family planning services have received counselling. However, the counselling was not yet appropriate, it was not in accordance with guiding principles of counselling and there are several aspects of micro counselling skills that are not implemented during counselling. The study also concluded that there were significant differences in knowledge regarding the contraceptive methods between clients who received interpersonal communication/counseling and who were not. Efforts should be made to ensure interpersonal communication/counseling implemented prior to contraceptive use; the using of the Decision-Making Tool for family planning clients and providers is highly suggested, so that interpersonal communication/counseling is based on the key principles of good counselling.

<div><div><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>The use of contraception can prevent the risk of death for both mother and infant due to unplanned pregnancy. This study measures adult women's knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in contraceptive use in coastal slums. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors are supported by supporting factors and driving factors at the mother's household level. This research used a multilevel analytical with a cross-sectional approach. Adult women (individual levels) and heads of the family (family level) are subject in this study, separated into two groups in the individual and household unit. The total sample in this study is 734 samples and originated from 374 samples in individual and household units. The results of this study indicate that maternal knowledge about contraception and mother's education has a positive effect on contraceptive use, as well as husband's support and economic status. Women with an elementary and junior high school education tend not to use contraception 3-5 times more than women with higher education.The family variation between environments binds 26% of the results to the existing multilevel analysis so that contributions made by intervening risk factors at the family level will increase participation in individual contraceptive use by 26%. Supporting factors for mothers in using contraception influence the support of their husbands and family support. Elementary and junior high school education still dominantly influence contraception in adult women in first and second models. Women with primary and junior secondary education tend not to use contraception three to five times more than the group of women who have higher education. Contributions that can be made by intervening risk factors at the family level will increase the participation of contraceptive use in individuals by twenty-six percent.</p><p><em> </em></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><strong>Keywords: </strong><em> Contraception, Family Support, Slum Area.</em></div>

Unintended pregnancy impacts hugely on maternal and child health. This study aimed to examine the influence of women’s autonomy on unintended pregnancies including unwanted and mistimed pregnancies. Using the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017, this study analyzed 12,624 currently married women who had birth within five years preceding the survey. Women’s autonomy was constructed from several variables related to women’s decision on obtaining health care, visiting family, and spending large household purchase. The result of logistic regression analysis showed that women’s autonomy affected significantly on unintended pregnancy after controlling other variables. However, it implied a negative correlation in which autonomous women were 1.3 more likely to experience unintended pregnancy than their counterparts. Both parity and birth interval showed the biggest influences on unintended pregnancy; the odds ratios were 2.7 and 3.1 respectively. Women who married at age 21 years and above, lived in rural areas and decided the number of children to have with husbands tended to have a lower risk facing an unintended pregnancy. Improving IEC and counseling about family planning and reproductive health is expected to increase couples’ knowledge. Therefore, the decisions on the number of children and contraceptive use can be made jointly and unintended pregnancy will be prevented.