Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors associated with electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods This cross-sectional study took place in eight high schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. A total of 767 students were recruited by multistage cluster random sampling. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to determine the associations between socio-demographic, predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors and e-cigarette use. Results Respondents were 54.1% male and the mean age was 16 years old [standard deviation (SD): 1.02]. In this sample, 32.2% of students (n = 247) had ever used e-cigarettes and 11.8% of students were e-cigarette users (n = 90). Several measured factors were positively associated with e-cigarette use, including: current smoking of conventional cigarettes [odds ratio (OR): 2.06]; perception that e-cigarettes are less addictive than conventional cigarettes (OR: 1.98); perception that e-cigarettes do not cause cancer (OR: 2.38); parental acceptance of e-cigarette use (OR: 3.80); and having enough money to buy e-cigarettes (OR: 3.24). The only variable found that was negatively associated with e-cigarette use was teacher’s use of e-cigarettes (OR: 0.34). Conclusions This study found that student social influences, perceptions about and accessibility to e-cigarettes were significantly positively associated with e-cigarette use among high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia. This study highlights the importance of educating students, their parents and teachers regarding safety and potential health hazards of using e-cigarettes. Efforts to implement and enforce youth access restrictions on e-cigarettes in Indonesia are crucial to preventing further uptake of these products.

The Hajj is an annual pilgrimage that 1–2 million Muslims undertake in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), which is the largest mass gathering event in the world, as the world’s most populous Muslim nation, Indonesia holds the largest visa quota for the Hajj. All Hajj pilgrims under the quota system are registered in the Indonesian government’s Hajj surveillance database to ensure adherence to the KSA authorities’ health requirements. Performance of the Hajj and its rites are physically demanding, which may present health risks. This report provides a descriptive overview of mortality in Indonesian pilgrims from 2004 to 2011. The mortality rate from 2004 to 2011 ranged from 149 to 337 per 100,000 Hajj pilgrims, equivalent to the actual number of deaths ranging between 501 and 531 cases. The top two mortality causes were attributable to diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems. Older pilgrims or pilgrims with comorbidities should be encouraged to take a less physically demanding route in the Hajj. All pilgrims should be educated on health risks and seek early health advice from the mobile medical teams provided.

Controversies surrounding the handling of corpses have been amplified during the present COVID-19 pandemic. According to Indonesian scholars, certain perspectives driving these controversies inhibit the implementation of health protocols issued by the government. This study comprehensively explores the diverse perceptions and responses of religious leaders regarding COVID-19 funeral management. Participants comprised six scholars from major Islamic religious organizations, two community leaders, and two families representing COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, content analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the religious leaders, all men aged over 50 years, supported the health directives designed to reduce high transmission risk. However, there were substantial disparities in corpse preparation processes, potentially due to organizational beliefs around burial rites. Some religious leaders aligned their protocols with their religious beliefs. Conversely, families of the deceased insisted that the approved protocol for handling corpses went against their religious and cultural values. Therefore, promotion of protocols and coordination among the government, religious leaders, and the community are needed to decrease the misperceptions and misinformation surrounding the new COVID-19 funeral protocols.

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Background: The HIV epidemic remains a public health problem with rising tuberculosis (TB) numbers around the world. Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (ART) is essential to increase the survival of patients with TB-HIV coinfection. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of ARV treatment initiation within TB treatment duration for the survival of patients with TB-HIV coinfection. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with TB-HIV coinfection and who were ARV naive from Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital between January 2011 and May 2014 (N = 275). The Kaplan-Meier method, bivariate with the log rank test, and multivariate with the Cox regression were applied in this study. Results: Cumulative survival probability of the patients with TB-HIV coinfection receiving ARV in a year was 81.5%. The death rate in patients with TB-HIV coinfection who received late ART initiation during TB treatment is higher by 2.4 times [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-4.5, p = 0.006] compared with the patients who were in early ART initiation and were thereafter adjusted by the location of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Conclusion: The effect of ART initiation is essential in the intensive phase (2-8 weeks) of anti-TB medication to increase the survival among TB-HIV coinfection group.

Malaria di Kota Lubuk Linggau masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang menyebabkan indikator annual malaria incidence dan annual parasite incidence masih diatas indikator nasional. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Lubuk Linggau mengumpulkan laporan bulanan penemuan dan pengobatan malaria di puskesmas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan kasus malaria di Kota Lubuk Linggau berdasarkan karakteristik kasus malaria, umur, jenis kelamin dan kecenderungan kasus malaria dari tahun 2009 sampai 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder surveilans kasus malaria yang dikumpulkan oleh 8 puskesmas yang ada di Kota Lubuk Linggau. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya kasus malaria cenderung stabil/tetap ada sepanjang tahun 2009 sampai 2013. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan insiden kasus pada kelompok laki-laki dan perempuan. Selanjutnya kelompok yang paling berisiko terinfeksi malaria adalah kelompok usia 0-15 tahun dan terakhir jenis Plasmodium yang dominan menginfeksi malaria adalah Plasmodium falcifarum dan Plasmodium vivax. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kasus malaria tidak mengalami penurunan kasus selama 5 tahun sehingga perlu upaya yang lebih maksimal Dinas Kesehatan untuk program pengendalian malaria. Kelompok yang paling sering terinfeksi malaria adalah kelompok usia anak-anak dan remaja sehingga program pengendalian malaria dapat dilakukan dengan komunikasi, edukasi dan informasi ke anak-anak di sekolah.

Introduction: Handling the remained body affected by COVID-19 in Indonesia is still an issue as it is done by community. Aim: This study aims to explore the handlers knowledge, perception, and practice in handling the remains. Method: This study elaborates qualitative design in exploring the handlers knowledge, perception, and practice in handling the remains dealing with universal precaution during the handling of the deceased body of COVID-19. The data is obtained through in-depth interview with guides. Result: The majority of participants were acknowledged that the universal precaution is a precautionary conduct which remains general and non-technical. Technicality on the universal precaution such as personal protective equipment and safety standards for infectious substance on the dead body are still incomprehensive. The perception of each handler of the body is still obscure. It was showed by cautious/apprehensive sense predominated the handlers in handling the dead body. Conclusion: Improving the knowledge and strengthening the network of the handlers among the community play an important role in interrupting the chain of transmission of COVID-19 in the community.

Indonesia is one of the countries that are endemic to malaria with the prevalence of malaria cases in 2010 at 22.9 per 1000 population. A solution to reduce malaria cases in Indonesia is to develop a malaria elimination program. So based on this issue, the aim of this study was to find out an overview of malaria control programs in LubukLinggau City. The malaria control program in LubukLinggau City had not yet a specific goal in the malaria control program but the program has a technical strategy and activities in the malaria control program. The malaria control program activities carried out are treatment using chloroquine, distribution of insecticide, larvacide bed nets, spraying and laboratory tests. The malaria control program had not yet reached the target that can be seen from AMI and API in 2013 but also had not yet reached the target for LubukLinggau City. Then the problems in the malaria control program are the absence of malaria control programs, no malaria cases treated with ACT, as many as 4.2% of malaria cases were laboratory confirmed and program evaluation only referred to outcome indicators.