Background. Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder among prisoners and is the second leading cause of disability worldwide. Depression affects more for those who are less educated, female, single, and young prisoners, and worldwide prevalence of depression among prisoners is 10.2% and 14% for male and female prisoners, respectively. However, a study conducted on prevalence of depression and associated factors is scarce in Ethiopia (Tigray) despite there is high magnitude. Methodology. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 414 prisoners in Mekelle General Prison Center. Data were collected from April to May 2019. A structured and standardized data collection tool (PHQ-9) was used. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out by SPSS version 20. Statistical significance was determined at P value < 0.05. Result. In this study, 408 prisoners had participated. The prevalence of depression among prisoners was found to be 228 (55.9%; 95% CI: 51.2%, 61%). Being unemployed and student, lifetime substance use, history of child abuse, weight loss in prison, quality of meal in prison, being not happy inside prison, being sentenced for more than six years, and poor and moderate social support were significantly associated with depression. Conclusion. Prevalence of depression among prisoners was found to be high (55.9%). Prisoners who had lifetime substance use, being unemployed and student, history of childhood abuse, weight loss inside prison, being sentenced for more than six years, not happy inside prison, lack of social support, and poor quality of prison meal were more likely to have depression. Thus, giving training to strengthen social support, giving training on how to cope up with prison environment, giving training to scale up a happy life, and improving quality of prison meal as well as mental health service will help to reduce the problem. Conducting interventional study is relevant.

Background The European Late Presenter Consensus Working Group, defines “late presentation” as initial presentation to HIV care with a CD4 cell count of <200 cells/μl. Globally, 36.9 million people were living with HIV, African region remains most severely affected, with nearly 1 in every 25 adults. In 2017, around 940,000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses worldwide.Methods Hospital based case control study was conducted from Nov 2018-June 2019 in public hospitals of Mekelle city. Using simple random sampling technique 114 cases and 229 controls were included in the study. Data was coded and entered to Statistical Package for Social Science version 23 for data analysis. Variables with p-value<0.25 in bivariate logistic regression were selected for multivariable logistic regression to identify factors of HIV presentation. Odds ratio was estimated with 95% CI to show strength of association and p-value <0.005 was used to declare stastical significance in multivariable analysis. Results was summarized and presented by tables, and charts. Percentage, frequency, standard deviation and mean was calculated.Result The mean age among cases, controls was 39.7(sd + 11.5), 34 (SD+10.2) respectively. Prior HIV related teaching before enrolment to care 3.48(AOR=3.48(1.57-7.70), having symptoms while starting care 3.85(AOR=3.85(1.91-774), presence of chronic illness 4.59(AOR=4.59, 95%CI: 2.17-9.74) and Being challenged during care 1.84(AOR=1.84, 95%CI: 0.13-0.77) were independent predictors of late presentation to HIV care and support.Conclusion and recommendation Prior HIV related teaching before enrolment to care, symptom while starting care, presence of chronic illness and challenge faced during care were significantly associated with late presentation. It is better to give emphasis in providing prior HIV related teaching and cousling.

Background Being born with low birthweight is a major determinant of perinatal, neonatal, and infant survival. Even though low birthweight-related neonatal mortality is high, there is an information gap regarding the survival status of low birthweight neonates and their predictors of mortality in Ethiopia. Objective This study was conducted to assess the survival status and predictors of mortality among low birthweight neonates admitted to Amhara region referral hospitals in Ethiopia. Methods and Materials A retrospective follow-up study was conducted on randomly selected low birthweight neonates admitted to the Amhara region referral hospital between January 01-2017 and December 30-2018. Data were entered into Epi-data 4.4.2.1 and exported to Stata 14 for cleaning and analysis. A cox regression model was used to analyze the data. Tables, charts, and text were used to report the results. Results This study revealed that 35.2% of participants died with incidence rates of 37.86 per 1000 person-day observations (95%CI: 31.79-45.10). Sepsis (AHR:1.72(95% CI: 1.05-2.81), respiratory distress (AHR: 2.03 (95% CI:1.36-3.03), necrotizing enterocolitis (AHR: 2.47 (95% CI: 1.17-5.20), congenital anomalies (AHR:2.37 (95% CI: 1.36-4.13), extreme low birth weight (AHR:2.62 (95% CI:1.54-4.44) and prematurity (AHR: 2.55 (95% CI:1.10-5.92) were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion Sepsis, respiratory distress, necrotizing enterocolitis, congenital anomalies, extremely low birth weight, and premature birth were the independent predictors of mortality. Therefore, it is better for all stakeholders to focus more on the early diagnosis and management of low birth weight neonates with the factors associated with mortality.