Survival Status and Predictors of Mortality Among Low Birthweight Neonates Admitted in Amhara Region Referral Hospitals of Ethiopia: Retrospective Follow-Up Study

Abstract

Background Being born with low birthweight is a major determinant of perinatal, neonatal, and infant survival. Even though low birthweight-related neonatal mortality is high, there is an information gap regarding the survival status of low birthweight neonates and their predictors of mortality in Ethiopia. Objective This study was conducted to assess the survival status and predictors of mortality among low birthweight neonates admitted to Amhara region referral hospitals in Ethiopia. Methods and Materials A retrospective follow-up study was conducted on randomly selected low birthweight neonates admitted to the Amhara region referral hospital between January 01-2017 and December 30-2018. Data were entered into Epi-data 4.4.2.1 and exported to Stata 14 for cleaning and analysis. A cox regression model was used to analyze the data. Tables, charts, and text were used to report the results. Results This study revealed that 35.2% of participants died with incidence rates of 37.86 per 1000 person-day observations (95%CI: 31.79-45.10). Sepsis (AHR:1.72(95% CI: 1.05-2.81), respiratory distress (AHR: 2.03 (95% CI:1.36-3.03), necrotizing enterocolitis (AHR: 2.47 (95% CI: 1.17-5.20), congenital anomalies (AHR:2.37 (95% CI: 1.36-4.13), extreme low birth weight (AHR:2.62 (95% CI:1.54-4.44) and prematurity (AHR: 2.55 (95% CI:1.10-5.92) were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion Sepsis, respiratory distress, necrotizing enterocolitis, congenital anomalies, extremely low birth weight, and premature birth were the independent predictors of mortality. Therefore, it is better for all stakeholders to focus more on the early diagnosis and management of low birth weight neonates with the factors associated with mortality.