Kawasan konservasi Indonesia yang luasnya mencapai 27,14 juta hektare dikelilingi kurang lebih 6.381 desa yang menggantungkan kehidupannya kepada kawasan konservasi. Akibatnya terjadi konflik antara masyarakat dengan pengelola kawasan konservasi. Konflik terjadi karena adanya perbedaan kepentingan. Di satu sisi, masyarakat membutuhkan penghidupan dari kawasan konservasi, kemudian di sisi yang lain, pengelola kawasan konservasi memiliki mandat untuk menjaga keutuhan, keaslian, dan kelestarian kawasan konservasi. Dalam situasi konflik kepentingan tersebut, pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan kemitraan konservasi. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian hukum dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan historis (historical approach). Tulisan ini akan menelaah dan menguraikan perkembangan pengaturan mengenai kemitraan konservasi yang dimulai dari UU No. 5/1990 hingga yang terakhir adalah Perdirjen KSDAE No. 6/2018, catatan-catatan kritis terhadap Perdirjen KSDAE No. 6/2018, dan optimalisasi Perdirjen KSDAE No. 6/2018 sebagai salah satu pilihan penyelesaian konflik tenurial di kawasan konservasi.Kata kunci: kawasan konservasi, konflik tenurial, kemitraan konservasi.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the legal issues that cause FMUs to not work optimally in managing forests sustainably. Some of the legal issues analyzed are related to the institution, permit authority, funding, and RPHJP development. This research uses a statute approach and retrospective (ex-post) analysis by examining various laws and regulations in the forestry sector related to FMUs and its implementation. The results of this study indicate that the FMU has serious legal issues in terms of institution, permit authority, funding, and Long-Term Forest Management Plan/RPHJP development. From an institutional perspective, FMUs are at the crossroads of the authorities of the four directorates generals in the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. In terms of authority, FMUs are the spearhead of forest management at the site level, but FMUs do not have adequate authority in managing forests in their areas. Then from the funding side, FMUs are faced with a minimum budget as well as no guarantee of funding for their RPHJP. And finally, in terms of the RPHJP development, FMU faces serious challenges after the enactment of Law No. 23/2014, and laws and regulations overlapping, particularly those related to the implementation of DG Forest Planology Regulation No. P.5/2012..
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