Acute appendicitis in paediatric patient is among the causal of abdominal emergency which requires immediate operation (Victor, et al, 2012; Ballester et al., 2009; Huckins et al., 2013). The incidence of acute appendicitis in paediatric patient in the world ranges from 1 to 8 % of all pediatric patients coming to the Emergency Department (ED) with acute abdominal pain (Jangra et al., 2013). Appendicitis is rare in children under 5 years, and very rare in the first year of life. In some instances, boys are more than girls around 55% to 65% of patients (Stevenson, Edward, 2003). The incidence rate of perforated appendicitis in the age group of children is about 30% to 40%. Appendicitis in the neonate is very rare, and the surgeon should be careful of the accompanying conditions, such as Hirschsprung’s disease and necrotic enterocolitis. (Stevenson, Edward, 2003).
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a malignancy in breast tissue from the duct or lobar epithelium. American Joint Committee on Cancer has specified important prognostic factors such as primary tumor size, regional lymph node status, and distant metastasis. Axillary lymph node status has been one of the most reliable prognostic factors in early breast cancer in women. Axillary lymph node dissection is an old method to identify metastasis in axillary lymph nodes and started being replaced by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). SLNB has been introduced as a minimal invasive procedure, but in Indonesia, this procedure cannot be done due to technology limitation. Grading tumor is one of the predictor factors that can predict lymph node metastasis. This predictor factor has been associated with sentinel lymph node metastasis significantly. AIM: According to this, we conduct this study to analyze the correlation between grading histopathology in breast cancer with sentinel lymph node metastasis to lower false-negative rate in SLNB using methylene blue dye. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we included 51 patients that qualified using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, sentinel lymph node metastasis and grading histopathology data were retrieved from the patient’s medical record. This data are analyzed using SPSS with Chi-square test. RESULTS: The most type of breast cancer in this study is invasive ductal carcinoma was found in 40 patients (78.4%). There are 22 of 51 patients (51.6%) with metastasis to sentinel lymph node, have Grade 3 in histopathologic findings. CONCLUSIONS: The statistical evaluation showed that there is significant correlation between grading histopathology and SLNB with p = 0.001.
Background: Triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) are a small part of cancer-inducing cells in breast cancer, which are characterized by high metastatic and self-renewal. Self-renewal has the ability to renew itself and loses control of proliferation. Curcuma longa extract (CL) and Phyllanthus niruri extract (PN) known to have anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells. However, the effects of combination CL and PN on TNBC proliferation still unclear. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of the combination CL and PN on TNBC MDAMB-231 and attempted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Subjects and Methods: The dried rhizomes of Curcuma longa and the herbs of Phyllanthus niruri were macerated with ethanol for 72 h.The antiproliferative and synergistic effects of combination CL and PN were investigated using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Combination index values were calculated using CompuSyn (ComboSyn, Inc, Paramus, NJ). The cell cycle and apoptosis assay were determined by propidium iodide (PI) and PI-AnnexinV assay under flow cytometer, respectively. The intracellular ROS levels were evaluated using 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) assay. The mRNA expressions of proliferation-related genes in the cells were determined using bioinformatic assay. Results: The CL and PN single treatment caused a potent and dose-dependent decrease in the percentage of viable cells with IC 50 value of 13 μg/mL and 45 μg/mL for 24 h, respectively. The combination index values of the different combinations ranged from 0.08 – 0.90, indicating slightly strong to very strong synergistic effects. The combination of CL and PN also remarkably induced the S- and G2/M-phases cell cycle arrest that leading to apoptosis induction. Furthermore, the combination of CL and PN treatment induced the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Mechanistically, the AKT1, EP300, STAT3 and EGFR signaling as potential targets of combination CL and PN in antiproliferation and antimetastatic of TNBC. Conclusions: The combination of CL and PN exerted promising antiproliferative effects in TNBC. Therefore, CL and PN may be considered a potential source for the development of potent anticancer drugs for breast cancer treatment.
Background: The emerging role of precision medicine among in oncologic science is a potentially explorable area to solve long-standing implication of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)’s management, especially by identifying programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in its population. Objective: To describe the PD-L1‘s expression among TNBC populations in our Indonesia-based centers. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the teaching hospitals of Universitas Sumatera Utara ranging from April 2019 to July 2020. Our investigation encompassed female individuals with histopathologically confirmed TNBC and complete medical record data, especially the status of PD-L1 expression to be reported in this study. We use Daco 22C3 antibodies to confirm the latter protein immunohistochemical positivity after thorough specimen preparation and staining. Results: This study included 60 females with TNBC of which 40 participants were issued in the final report. Our populations were dominated by middle-aged individuals (41-50 years old; 45%), and remarkable presentation of LVSI, angioinvasion, or lymph-node metastatic status. In PD-L1 expression status, our study reported that 45.0% patients were confirmed with confirmed PD-L1 positivity. Conclusion: PD-L1 expression among TNBC patients is concordant with the global report hence anti-PD-1-based treatment trial in Asia or even Indonesia region should be considered.
<p><strong>Aim <br /></strong>To investigate the role of hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (H-MSCs) in preventing peritoneal adhesion<br />by regulating IL-6 at days 6 and 12.<br /><strong>Methods</strong> <br />Twenty-four PAs rat model weighing 250 g to 300 g were randomly allocated into 4 groups: sham (Sh), control (C),<br />H-MSCs treatment group at dose 1.5 x 106 &nbsp;(T1) and 3 x 106 (T2). To induce H-MSCs, all MSCs population were incubated under hypoxia state (5% O2), 5% CO2, and 37o C for 24 hours. Expression level of IL-6 was performed using ELISA. Morphological appearance of adhesion was observed by visualizing the existence of adhesion formation in intestinal.<br /><strong>Results <br /></strong>In this study we found that there was a trend of decrease of IL-6 level on day 6 following MSCs treatments. Interestingly,<br />there was a significant decrease of IL-6 level on day 12 in all treatment groups. Also, no adhesion occurred in T2 group.<br /><strong>Conclusions</strong> <br />H-MSCs prevent PA development by suppressing the prolonged release of IL-6 at proliferation phase.</p>
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