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To attain renewable energy goals, many developing countries, including Malaysia, acknowledge the adoption of waste-to-renewable energy (WTRE) technologies being the best means. The conversion of animal dung into biogas is one of the similar techniques. For a considerable amount of time, Malaysia has witnessed an increase in animal husbandry to generate massive feedstock, which can serve as the raw material for the generation of biogas. With the implementation of WTRE technologies, Malaysia is starting to use a suitable method of power generation from the conversion of animal dung to biogas. The application of an alternative method of power generation by Malaysia is converting animal dung to biogas. Use of animal dung conversion to biogas is considered as a suitable method for power generation. For the application of WTRE technologies, this phenomenon is examined by the current article. As a further step, a thorough analysis of Malaysia’s waste management issues and the energy mix has been done. The current issue at hand regarding the power generation in Malaysia is optimizing new and suitable energy sources. In this regard, WTRE transition has been identified as the primary and inevitable source of the energy transition. The article consists of an explanation of various technologies of power generation utilizing municipal waste. Malaysia’s massive potential capacity to produce biogas energy through waste has been analytically identified. Malaysian animal dung can yield biogas up to 1,317.20 mm3/annum, which can eventually result in power generation of 2.1 × 104 kWh/annum. Relevant policies are discussed for Malaysia to implement long-term biogas generation. This study did not include the obstacles to WTRE in Malaysia and other developing countries, providing an opportunity for future works to consider this research dimension.

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Green investment in sustainable energy can overcome the dependence on fossil fuels worldwide. Renewable energy policies have become the key issue in both developing and developed countries; there is a need to focus on energy-related policies by regulatory authorities of these countries. The current study critically analyzes the performance of the existing renewable energy policy instruments to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) for solar energy development in Pakistan. We evaluate the moderating role of good governance and financial support between the nexus of renewable energy policy instruments and green FDI for the sustainable development of solar energy in the country. The present study used non-probability (purposive) sampling to collect data from 43 respondents (private investors, government officials, energy experts, and policymakers) by conveying an energy policy-related questionnaire survey. The response rate was 82.69%. The study has used partial least squares structural equation modeling to assess formulated hypotheses. The results indicate that the feed-in tariffs is the most effective policy instrument to attract FDI in the country’s solar energy sector. The fiscal measures positively impact the green FDI for solar energy. The results further reveal that good governance and financial support positively and significantly moderate the nexus of renewable energy policy instruments and green FDI for solar energy. The main barriers have been identified over the whole solar energy spectrum. The study findings provide essential policy recommendations and a considerable manual for energy-related regulators, policymakers, and government institutions to adopt advanced renewable energy policy instruments to attract FDI in Pakistan.

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