Diazinon is an organophosphate type pesticide that is still often used by farmers in Indonesia, with the effect of inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, giving rise to the accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapse gap which will lead to incoordination, convulsions and death in insect pests. Apart from having the neurotoxic effects of diazinone it can also damage cells through the mechanism of oxidative stress. Diazinone poisoning has a high potential to cause damage to the kidney organs, because the diazinone excretion pathway and its active metabolites are through the urinary system. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of diazinone on the liver and renal wistar male kidney. Diazinone dosage of 40 mg / kgBW, given to mice twice a day for 5 days, with each given as much as 5 ml using the gastric sonde. The research sample was in the form of rat blood taken intracardiac to examine BUN levels, serum creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, and GSH, then kidney and liver rats were taken to make histopathological preparations and MDA examinations. Analysis of this research data using the T-test for all variables. There were significant differences between groups of rats given diazinone and groups of rats not given diazinone based on levels of BUN, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, GSH and MDA. In the group of mice not given diazinone, kidney histopathology was better than those given diazinon. Keywords: diazinon, pesticides, organophosphates

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Kefir merupakan bahan pangan fungsional probiotik, terbuat dari susu yang difermentasi dengan kefir grains yang mengandung berbagai jenis bakteri dan ragi yang bermanfaat. Telah banyak dilakukan penelitian tentang efek kefir per oral pada sistem kekebalan tubuh, tetapi sedikit penelitian yang membuktikan efek komponen bioaktif kefir yaitu peptida dan eksopolisakarida (kefiran), terhadap respons imun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan efek supernatan kefir susu kambing terhadap respons imun sukarelawan sehat secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan pada 15 sukarelawan sehat, yang diisolasi PBMC-nya dari whole blood, kemudian dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok (K-, P1, P2, P3 dan P4) sebelum dilakukan kultur selama 4 hari. Hasil kultur diperiksa persentase sel T CD4 + , sel T CD8 + , IFN-γ, IL-4 menggunakan flowsitometri dan kadar IL-2, IL-10 menggunakan metode ELISA. Hasilnya didapatkan kefir tidak mempengaruhi persentase sel T CD4 + dan Sel T CD8+. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi kefir yang diberikan, maka semakin tinggi kadar IFN-γ dan IL-4 yang disekresikan, namun terjadi penurunan pada kadar IL-2. Peningaktan signifikan terjadi pada kadar IL-10 kultur PBMC yang diberikan kefir dengan berbagai konsentrasi (p<0,01), terutama pada konsentrasi 1%. Hasil tersebut juga menunjukkan efek penting komponen bioaktif kefir terhadap respons imun. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kefir dapat meningkatkan respons imun, melalui stimulasi sekresi IL-10 secara in vitro.

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Background: Burn injuries can contribute to physical and psychological problems affecting quality of life (QoL). The QoL is a parameter to assess medical results after treatment. In Indonesia, studies concerning burn patients' QoL after treatment are still limited. Objective: This study aims to observe correlations between 8 dimensions of QoL after treatment and histories of burn severity, numbers of surgical procedures, and lengths of hospital stay Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in December 2018. Subject criteria of this study were patients who have experienced burn injuries for the last 2 years and have been treated at dr. Soebandi Hospital Jember. Then all the patients were discharged from the hospital by following medical advice in recovered conditions. They were asked to complete SF-36 questionnaires that consist of 8 dimensions of QoL. Every dimension was correlated with histories of burn severity, numbers of surgical procedure, and lengths of hospital stay. Next, the obtained data were analysed by Pearson and Spearman. Results: 13 subjects or patients were analysed. Most of them (38.5%) were adults in a range of 41 -50 years old and were male (69.2%). A bivariate analysis found a significant negative correlation between burn severity and QoL in physical functions, bodily pains, and mental health dimensions (p=0.030, p=0.012, p=0.044). A significant negative correlation was also reported between numbers of surgical procedures and QoL in physical role dimensions (p=0.047). Lengths of hospital stay had a significant negative correlation with physical functions and physical role dimensions (p=0.044, p=0.031). Conclusion:This study revealed significant correlations between burn severity, numbers of surgical procedures, length of hospital stay and the various dimensions of QoL. This study also provided data of QoL, so in the future burn centres can identify dimensions of QoL after burn injuries and can improve their burn management and patient care to improve their QoL. Latar Belakang: Luka bakar menyebabkan timbulnya keterbatasan fisik maupun psikologis yang berdampak terhadap kualitas hidup. Kualitas hidup merupakan salah satu parameter untuk menilai hasil terapi. Di Indonesia, penelitian mengenai kualitas hidup pasien luka bakar pasca perawatan masih sangat terbatas. Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi antara 8 dimensi kualitas hidup pasca perawatan dengan riwayat keparahan luka bakar, jumlah tindakan operasi, dan lama rawat inap.