The
main focus of this study was to give an idea for the value
added from lignin and further understand the pore structure/electrochemical
performance relationship. A case study of using H3PO4-assisted apricot shell lignin (ASL) was used to synthesize
apricot shell lignin-based activated carbon (AAC) for capacitors.
Considering performance and cost, the activation temperature of ASL
was 550 °C. The as-obtained AAC-3 possesses the highest specific
surface area (1474.82 m2/g) and the highest mass-specific
capacitance (169.05 F/g) upon the current density of 0.5 A/g. Compared
with the correlation coefficient (R
2)
of specific surface area and mass-specific capacitance, the R
2 of V
0.85–1.93 nm and mass-specific capacitance was higher. Therefore, when employing
a three-electrode configuration with a 6 M KOH electrolyte, the V
0.85–1.93 nm can be used as a universal
predictor of mass-specific capacitance at a low current density ranging
from 0.50 to 10.00 A/g. Additionally, such a range of characterized
pore size (0.85–1.93 nm) exhibited 2.83–6.43 times the
diameters of K+ and OH–.
Humidity in the air can significantly limit the adsorption capacity of porous materials used for the removal of chemical warfare agents (CWAs). Therefore, in this work, we prepared a porous organic material (C-1) and its fluoride derivative (C-1-F) via a Schiff base reaction and determined their structure and morphological properties, hydrophobicity, and adsorption capacity. Compared to the parent C-1 material, both the channel and particle surface of C-1-F were highly hydrophobic, thus stabilizing the fluorinated porous material under various humidity conditions. Dimethyl methyl phosphonate was used as a nerve agent simulant to examine the efficiency of the synthesized porous materials, indicating that C-1-F had a higher adsorption capacity than C-1 under dry conditions. Moreover, unlike C-1, the adsorption capacity of hydrophobic C-1-F was not affected even under a relative humidity of 20%, and it is still able to maintain high adsorption capacity at a relative humidity of 60%, suggesting its high application potential in the removal of CWAs.
The filter paper and activated carbon which filled inside the gas filter have porous media characteristics. In order to study the flow field structure in the filter layer and the activated carbon layer, Computational Fluid Dynamics method is used to simulate the aerodynamic characteristics of a simplified gas filter. The inertial and viscosity parameters of porous media are solved by Forchheimer equation. The three-dimensional N-S equation and the modified low Reynolds number k-ε turbulence model are adopted to analyze the influence of the explosion-proof plate on the gas filter's aerodynamic characteristics. The results showed that the air age in the upstream of the activated carbon plates was small, which easily caused the rapid penetration of the Poisonous gas. And in the downstream and around of the activated carbon plates, the air age is larger, formed dead zone, the utilization rate of activated carbon is lower. The explosion-proof plate increases the pressure drop of the gas filter, the air age distribution in the filter layer is more uniform and the utilization rate of filter paper is improved. However, the explosion-proof plate has little influence on the flow field structure of the activated carbon layer.
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