We report on a theoretical study of spin-polarized quantum transport through a Ni-bezenedithiol(BDT)-Ni molecular magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). Our study is based on carrying out density functional theory within the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green's function formalism, so that microscopic details of the molecular MTJ are taken into account from first principles. A magnetoresistance ratio of approximately 27% is found for the Ni-BDT-Ni MTJ which declines toward zero as bias voltage is increased. The spin currents are nonlinear functions of bias voltage, even changing sign at certain voltages due to specific features of the coupling between molecular states and magnetic leads.

By carrying out density functional theory analysis within the Keldysh non-equilibrium Green's functional formalism, we have calculated the nonlinear and non-equilibrium quantum transport properties of Fe/MgO/Fe trilayer structures as a function of external bias voltage. For well relaxed atomic structures of the trilayer, the equilibrium tunnel magnetoresistance ratio (TMR) is found to be very large and also fairly stable against small variations in the atomic structure. As a function of external bias voltage, the TMR reduces monotonically to zero with a voltage scale of about 1V, in agreement with experimental observations. We present understanding of the nonequilibrium transport properties by investigating microscopic details of the scattering states and the Bloch bands of the Fe leads.PACS numbers: 85.35.-p, 72.25.-b, 85.65.+h Since the prediction and elegant physics explanation [1,2] that magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) of Fe/MgO/Fe trilayer structure may have very high tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR), MgO based MTJ has progressed at a rapid pace in recent years and produced the highest measured TMR at room temperature: several groups [3,4] reported TMR ratio in the range of 180% to 250%. TMR effect presents an excellent opportunity for spintronics, it is the key to magnetoresistive random-access-memory . There are, however, a number of important issues remain to be understood from atomic first principles. Most existing work predicted[1, 2] TMR to be greater than 1000%, experimental data are still lower. More seriously is that experimental data on MgO based MTJs show a monotonically decreasing TMR as a function of applied bias voltage [3,4] and it reduces to zero when bias is about one volt. To the best of our knowledge, there have been two atomistic calculations of bias dependence of TMR for MgO barriers [7,8], both used the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker numerical technique. Ref.7 predicted a substantial increase of TMR versus bias for the asymmetric system analyzed there, while Ref.8 found a roughly constant TMR, a decaying TMR, or an entirely negative TMR versus bias depending on atomic structures of the interface. The origin of these differences were not clear. Earlier theory[9] on Al 2 O 3 based MTJs has attributed small bias dependence of magneto-resistance to magnon scattering. Given the extreme importance of MgO based MTJ in near future spintronics and the accumulated experimental data, further quantitative understanding on quantum transport in Fe/MgO/Fe at finite bias is urgently needed.Here we present a first principles atomistic analysis of nonlinear and non-equilibrium quantum transport in Fe/MgO/Fe MTJ. We use a state-of-the-art quantum transport technique [10,11] which is based on real-space, Keldysh nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism combined with density functional theory (DFT). The basic idea of the NEGF-DFT formalism [10] is to calculate device Hamiltonian and electronic structure by DFT, populate this electronic structure using NEGF which properly takes into account nonequilibrium q...

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In this paper, we present the mathematical and implementation details of an ab initio method for calculating spin-polarized quantum transport properties of atomic scale spintronic devices under external bias potential. The method is based on carrying out density functional theory (DFT) within the Keldysh non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism to calculate the self-consistent spin densities. We apply this method to investigate nonlinear and non-equilibrium spin-polarized transport in a Fe/MgO/Fe trilayer structure as a function of external bias voltage.

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Transport currents can alter alter order parameter dynamics and change steady states in superconductors, in ferromagnets, and in hybrid systems. In this article we present a scheme for fully microscopic evaluation of order parameter dynamics that is intended for application to nanoscale systems. The approach relies on time-dependent mean-field-theory, on an adiabatic approximation, and on the use of non-equilibrium Greens function (NEGF) theory to calculate the influence of a bias voltage across a system on its steady-state density matrix. We apply this scheme to examine the spin-transfer torques which drive magnetization dynamics in Co/Cu/Co spin-valve structures. Our microscopic torques are peaked near Co/Cu interfaces, in agreement with most previous pictures, but suprisingly act mainly on Co transition metal d-orbitals rather than on s-orbitals as generally supposed.

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