The pandemic of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been posing great threats to the world in many aspects. Effective therapeutic and preventive approaches including drugs and vaccines are still unavailable although they are in development. Comprehensive understandings on the life logic of SARS-CoV-2 and the interaction of the virus with hosts are fundamentally important in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we briefly summarized the current advances in SARS-CoV-2 research, including the epidemic situation and epidemiological characteristics of the caused disease COVID-19. We further discussed the biology of SARS-CoV-2, including the origin, evolution, and receptor recognition mechanism of SARS-CoV-2. And particularly, we introduced the protein structures of SARS-CoV-2 and structure-based therapeutics development including antibodies, antiviral compounds, and vaccines, and indicated the limitations and perspectives of SARS-CoV-2 research. We wish the information provided by this review may be helpful to the global battle against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Silicate‐based bioactive glasses undergo incomplete conversion to a calcium phosphate material after in vivo implantation, which severely limits their biomedical application. In this communication, novel borate‐based glasses with controllable degradation behavior were developed and their bioactive potential was investigated in vitro. When immersed in a 0.02M K2HPO4 solution at 37°C, these glasses reacted to form a carbonate‐substituted hydroxyapatite (c‐HA) on their surfaces, indicating their bioactive potential. The conversion rate to c‐HA was controlled by adjusting the B2O3/SiO2 ratio in the glass composition. The results indicate the potential application of the borate‐based bioactive glass as scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering.

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The oxazolidinone antibacterials target the 50S subunit of prokaryotic ribosomes. To gain insight into their mechanism of action, the crystal structure of the canonical oxazolidinone, linezolid, has been determined bound to the Haloarcula marismortui 50S subunit. Linezolid binds the 50S A-site, near the catalytic center, which suggests that inhibition involves competition with incoming A-site substrates. These results provide a structural basis for the discovery of improved oxazolidinones active against emerging drug-resistant clinical strains.

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Hybrid mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), which were synthesized using the co-condensation method and engineered with unique redox-responsive gatekeepers, were developed for studying the glutathione-mediated controlled release. These hybrid nanoparticles constitute a mesoporous silica core that can accommodate the guests (i.e., drug, dye) and the PEG shell that can be connected with the core via disulfide-linker. Interestingly, the PEG shell can be selectively detached from the inner core at tumor-relevant glutathione (GSH) levels and facilitate the release of the encapsulated guests at a controlled manner. The structure of the resulting hybrid nanoparticles (MSNs-SS-mPEG) was comprehensively characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms analysis. The disulfide-linked PEG chains anchored on MSNs could serve as efficient gatekeepers to control the on-off of the pores. Compared with no GSH, fluorescein dye as the model drug loaded into MSNs showed rapid release in 10 mM GSH, indicating the accelerated release after the opening of the pores regulated by GSH. Confocal microscopy images showed a clear evidence of the dye-loaded MSNs-SS-mPEG nanoparticles endocytosis into MCF-7 cells and releasing guest molecules from the pore inside cells. Moreover, in vitro cell viability test using MTT assay indicated that MSNs-SS-mPEG nanoparticles had no obvious cytotoxicity. These results indicate that MSNs-SS-mPEG nanoparticles can be used in the biomedical field.