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Effects of peptide concentrations on microbial metabolism were investigated using a basal diet in which peptides replaced urea as a N source at levels of 0, 10, 20, and 30% of total N. The basal diet contained 17.8% CP and 46% nonstructural carbohydrates. Each diet was provided to continuous cultures of rumen contents operating at liquid and solids flow rates of 12 and 4.5%/h, respectively. Production of microbial CP and digestion of DM and protein were affected quadratically by peptide addition, with the highest values for each variable on the diet containing 10% peptides. Fiber digestion decreased linearly with peptide addition. The depressed fiber digestion and microbial CP production at peptide concentrations > 10% seemed related to a linear decrease in ammonia concentration in the fermenters as peptide levels increased. Peptide-amino acid N recovered in the supernatant fluid did not increase with increasing peptides, because peptide uptake by the microbes increased as peptide concentrations increased. Even though the efficiency of conversion of peptide N to microbial CP increased with increasing peptides, there was no change in grams of microbial N produced per kilogram of OMD. We suggest that in diets high in nonstructural carbohydrates, excessive peptides can depress protein digestion and ammonia concentrations, resulting in decreased OMD, fiber digestion, and total microbial CP production.

A system was m m c t e d to test the performance of transducers for the detection of body surfice vibrations. A phantom was manufictured ef a gel that approximates properties of so8 tissue and the dBerent sensors were used to measure the vibrations at the model surface. One speaker was buried in the phantcm to ineoduce a simulated signal,

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This study compared 10 experienced high school and 10 inexperienced junior high and middle school basketball coaches as they executed a 30-minute practice session on the “give and go” play in basketball. The coaches were given 30 minutes to plan a practice session. Following planning, coaches implemented their practice plan. Analysis of coaches’ behavior and interactive decision making indicated that experienced coaches exhibited significantly more technical instruction, whereas inexperienced coaches exhibited significantly higher frequencies of silent observation. With regard to interactive decision making, results indicated that both experienced and inexperienced coaches implemented practice in ways consistent with their plans. Experienced coaches, however, were significantly more reluctant to change their plans when problems were perceived. Despite these differences, experienced and inexperienced coaches exhibited greater similarities than differences. Limitations of research based on the behavioral analyses of the frequencies of thoughts and behaviors are discussed and directions for future research are presented.

This paper reports on an investigation of racial-ethnic congruency among professional sport teams and their local markets. The study empirically tested the relationship between racial-ethnic team-market congruence and market support. Results of the research provide some support for the relevance of team and market congruency in the marketing of professional sport. Although varying by city, by North American professional sport league, and by racial-ethnic community, the results demonstrate that consumers have noticed and used their own reflections in professional baseball teams to influence their level of team support.

The authors investigated and then compared associations between 16 variables and vigorous physical activity in a minority student population. The sample (N = 347) drawn from six universities with minority representation ranging from 3% to 17% consisted of African-American (62%), Asians (29%) and Hispanics (9%). No significant differences emerged between race and physical activity levels; however, African-American respondents reported more regular physical activity habits than Asians or Hispanics. Significant (p<.001) differences emerged by gender, with males reporting more vigorous and regular physical activity than females. The regression model accounted for 36% of the variance in physical activity. The strongest individual relationships, explaining 34% of the variation, included gender, benefits, participation in high school varsity sports, participation in youth sports, and barriers. The findings contribute information regarding activity characteristics by race and gender.

The piezoelectric Class III barrel-stave flextensional transducer is an underwater acoustic source that is capable of generating sound over a wide frequency band. This broadband performance is achieved through coupling the fundamental flexural and longitudinal modes of vibration. Near the low frequency flexural resonance, the Class III transducer is small compared to a wavelength, and its radiation is omnidirectional. However, at frequencies in the vicinity of the longitudinal resonance, the radiation is directional. In this article, we show through the use of a finite element model that the Class III transducer can be designed for omnidirectional radiation over the entire band.