Statistical shape analysis, a relatively a new method for biological research, compares body forms by using specific landmarks determined by anatomical prominences. In this study, we aimed to identify normal facial asymmetry between the right and the left sides of the face. Facial landmark data were collected from two-dimensional digital images of 321 young healthy subjects (150 males and 171 females). These data were analysed using Euclidean distance matrix analysis. The number of significantly asymmetric linear distances between the two halves of the face was greater in females than in males. We found that the left side of the face was most commonly dominant in both males and females. Such data may be useful in establishing a database for future similar studies.

A statistically significant difference was found between males and females in 20 of 27 measurements taken (p < 0.001). The most prominent differences between the sexes were observed in the measurements taken from the face region. Results were compared with other ethnic groups.

The efficiency of REMS was found to be superior to MEWS as a predictor of in-hospital mortality and hospitalisation in medical and surgical patients admitted to ED.

BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study is to detect the mortality predictive power of new Glasgow coma scale, age, and arterial pressure (GAP) scoring system in major trauma patients admitted to the emergency department (ED).

ÖzetAmaç: Kronik bel ağrılı hastalarda Core stabilizasyon egzersizi (SE) etkinliğini araştırmak ve konvansiyonel ev egzersiz (EE) programı ile karşılaş-tırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, polikliniğimize başvuran kronik bel ağrılı hastalardan 48 kadın hasta ile yapıldı. Hastalar SE (n=24) ve EE (n=24) olmak üzere 2 gruba randomize edildiler. SE grubundaki hastalar, 6 hafta süreyle haftada 3 gün ve günde 60 dk olmak üzere süpervizör eşliğinde toplu egzersiz seanslarına katıldılar. EE grubuna ise, 6 hafta boyunca gün-lük konvansiyonel ev egzersizleri yapmaları söylendi ve telefon görüşme-leriyle yapıp yapmadıkları kontrol edildi. Hastalar egzersiz programından önce ve sonra olmak üzere 3. ay sonunda Vizüel Analog Skala (VAS), Roland -Morris Dizabilite Anketi (RM), SF36, Kraus-Weber testi (KW), Sorensen testi ve zamanlı oturup kalkma testi (TSS) ile değerlendirildiler. Bulgular: Tüm hastalar programı tamamladı. SE grubunda egzersiz sonrası tüm parametrelerde; VAS, RM, KW, Sorensen testi, TSS ve SF36 alt gruplarının tümünde iyileşme gözlendi. EE grubunda Sorensen testi ile SF-36 ağrı ve sosyal fonksiyon skorları dışındaki tüm parametrelerde düzelme saptandı. Gruplar fark skorlarıyla karşılaştırıldığında, SE grubu Sorensen testi ve SF-36 fiziksel rol kısıtlaması skorları bakımından EE grubuna göre üstün bulundu. Sonuç: Kronik bel ağrılı kadın hastalarda her iki egzersiz programı da endurans, fonksiyon ve günlük yaşam aktivitelerini iyileştirmede etkili bulunurken, iki grup kıyaslandığında; SE grubu dorsal ekstansör kas enduransı ve fiziksel rol kısıtlaması parametrelerindeki iyileşme bakımından EE grubuna göre üstün bulundu. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bel ağrısı, egzersiz, günlük yaşam aktiviteleri AbstractObjective: To investigate the efficacy of core-stabilization exercise (SE) and to compare it with home-based conventional exercise (HE) in patients with chronic low-back pain (LBP). Material and Methods:The study was performed with 48 female chronic LBP patients who attended to our outpatient unit. The patients were randomized into SE (n=24) and home-based HE (n=24) groups. The patients in the SE group participated in sessions of supervised group exercise for 6 weeks, 3 times a week and 60 minutes a day. The patients in the HE group were told to do daily conventional exercises for 6 weeks, and they were checked by telephone calls. The patients were assessed before and after the program at the third month with the visual analogue scale (VAS), Rolland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RM), SF-36, Kraus-Weber test (KW), Sorensen test (ST), and timed sit to stand test (TSS). Results: Following the exercise program, there was improvement in all of the variables in the SE group. In the HE group, there was also improvement in all of the variables, except ST and SF-36 pain and social function. When the groups were compared with each other, the SE group was superior to the HE group in the improvement of ST and SF-36 physical function. Conclusion: Though both of the exercise programs were both found to be effective concerning the...

Candidemia is the most frequent manifestation observed with invasive candidiasis. The aim of this study was to analyse the trends of candidemia in a large tertiary-care hospital to determine the overall incidence during January 1996-December 2012, as well as to determine the susceptibility of 453 isolates according to the revised Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints. Candidemia episodes in adult and paediatric patients were retrospectively analysed from the laboratory data of Uludağ University Healthcare and Research Hospital. The 17-year period studied was divided into three periods (1996-2001, 2002-2007 and 2008-2012) for better comparison, and candidemia incidence was determined by the ratio of total number of patients with candidemia per 1000 patients admitted to the hospital and per 10 000 patient days in these three periods. Redefined CLSI M27-A3 breakpoints were used for interpretation of antifungal susceptibility results. Candidemia incidence was determined as 2.2, 1.7 and 1.5 per 1000 admitted patients during 1996-2001, 2002-2007 and 2008-2012 respectively. A significantly decreased candidemia incidence was obtained in the third period. C. albicans (43.8%) was the most common candidemia agent, followed by C.parapsilosis (26.5%) in all three periods. According to the revised CLSI breakpoints, there was fluconazole resistance in C. albicans, C.parapsilosis, C.tropicalis and C.glabrata species (1.4%, 18.2%, 2.6% and 14.3% respectively). Almost all Candida species were found susceptible to voriconazole except one C.glabrata (7.1%) isolate. Candidemia is an important health problem. Local epidemiological data are determinative in the choice of appropriate antifungal treatment agents.

Differentiations according to the sample size of different reliability coefficients are examined. It is concluded that the estimates obtained by Cronbach alpha and teta coefficients are not related with the sample size, even the estimates obtained from the small samples can represent the population parameter. However, the Omega coefficient requires large sample sizes.

Portal vein flow velocity decreases in severe hepatic steatosis when compared with controls.