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os custos da inatividade física no mundo: estudo de revisãoThe costs of physical inactivity in the world: a general review

BackgroundEnd-stage renal disease patients are characterized by low levels of physical activity, especially during leisure time. However, the recognition of variables associated with patterns of physical activity in this population has been little explored. Thus, the objective was to assess factors associated with levels of physical activity during leisure time among patients on haemodialysis.MethodsNinety-eight patients (51.6 ± 15.7 years, 57 M/41 F) from two dialysis centres in São Paulo, Brazil participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants were divided into those who never exercised during leisure-time (inactive) and those who exercised at least once a week (active). The independent factors assessed were: socio-demographic data, comorbidities, personal barriers to exercise and physical activity records from childhood to adulthood (tracking of physical activity).ResultsOnly 27 % of patients were engaged in PA during their leisure time at least once a week. Patients who engaged in regular physical activity during adulthood before the initiation of the hemodialysis treatment (adjusted OR: 7.24 95 % IC: 1.99; 26.50), those who developed the renal disease through diseases other than diabetes or hypertension (adjusted OR: 4.82; 95 % IC: 1.48; 15.68), and those who had no cardiovascular diseases (adjusted OR: 11.33; 95 % IC: 1.23; 103.8) where more likely to be active during their leisure-time.ConclusionComorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus as well as the level of physical activity prior to end-stage renal disease could predict leisure-time physical activity among patients receiving hemodialysis therapy.

ObjectiveTo analyze which abnormalities in body composition (obesity, sarcopenia or sarcopenic obesity) are related to reduced mobility in older people aged 80 years and older.MethodsThe sample included 116 subjects aged 80 years and older. The body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and mobility was assessed by motor tests. The χ2 test was used to analyze the proportion of older people with sarcopenia, obesity and sarcopenic obesity based on sex as well as to indicate an association between obesity, sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity and mobility. Binary logistic regression, adjusted for the variables (sex and osteoarticular diseases), was used to express the magnitude of these associations. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the mobility of four groups (Normal, Obesity, Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity).ResultsThe Sarcopenia Group had lower performance in the lower limbs strength test and in sum of two tests compared with Obesity and Normal Groups. Older people with sarcopenia had higher chance of reduced mobility (OR: 3.44; 95%CI: 1.12-10.52).ConclusionOlder people aged 80 years and older with sarcopenia have more chance for reduction in mobility.

BackgroundThe literature shows the inverse association between physical activity level (PAL) and chronic diseases that have a significant burden over health care costs. However, in upper-middle income countries and in elderly population this information are scarce.ObjectiveTo describe the annual drug expenditures for the hypertensive and diabetic elderly population in Brazil and to analyze the association with PAL and engagement in walking.MethodsThis cross sectional study is part of SABE Survey and comprised 806 hypertensive and/or diabetic elderly (≥60 years old). The annual expenditures of medicine use was estimated for all medications for hypertension and/or diabetes they were taking. The PAL was considered insufficient when moderate physical activity was <150 min/week or vigorous physical activity was < 75 min/week. Engagement in walking was considered by at least 1 day a week. All expenditures were presented through the descriptive values (in American Dollars US$) according PAL and engagement in walking. The association analysis between annual expenditures, PAL and engagement in walking were performed by multiple logistic regression models adjusted for gender, age and body mass index.ResultsThe average annual cost was higher in diabetic and insufficient physically activity elderly. The 1-year estimated.cost was US$ 73386,09 and 295% higher in insufficiently physically active. Older people who reported not walking had a higher risk to higher annual expenditures of medicine use (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.03–2.40).ConclusionsThe annual expenditures of medicine use for controlling hypertension and diabetes of Brazilian elderly were higher and inversely associated with physical activity level and engagement in walking.

RESUMOIntrodução: Estudos populacionais utilizam, geralmente, métodos indiretos de estimativa do nível de atividade física (NAF) da população. Entretanto, o erro de medida, principalmente quando se trata da população idosa, é grande. Estudos nacionais que usam medidas objetivas são escassos. Objetivo: Este estudo buscou descrever o perfil de prática de atividade física (AF) da população idosa do município de São Paulo utilizando--se acelerometria. Métodos: Este trabalho faz parte do estudo SABE, desenvolvido na capital do Estado de São Paulo e analisou os dados de 568 idosos (≥ 65 anos). O acelerômetro da marca Actigraph foi utilizado durante 3 dias consecutivos. Os idosos foram classificados segundo o NAF de acordo com as recomendações atuais de AF. O NAF foi descrito (média e IC 95%) segundo sexo e grupos etários (< 70 anos, 70 a 79 anos e ≥ 80 anos). As proporções de idosos em cada grupo de NAF foram descritas em termos relativos (%). As diferenças entre os grupos foram estimadas utilizando-se o teste generalizado de igualdade entre médias de Wald. Resultados: Os idosos considerados sedentários representaram 63,1% (48,3% dos homens e 71,7% das mulheres) e apresentaram média de idade maior; houve prevalência de 25,7% dos homens e 8,13% das mulheres classificados como fisicamente ativos, o que corresponde a apenas 14,6% do total de idosos. Os idosos gastam, em média, 12,6 (IC 95% 10,6 -13,7) minutos por dia em atividades físicas consideradas de intensidade moderada e/ou vigorosa. A proporção de idosos fisicamente ativos é menor quanto maior for a idade. Conclusão: O NAF da população idosa do Município de São Paulo é baixo e considerado insuficiente, principalmente para o sexo feminino. Assim, houve maior proporção de idosos considerados sedentários e insuficientemente ativos quando comparados aos ativos.Descritores: acelerometria; idosos; atividade motora. (< 70 years, 70-79 years and ≥ 80 years). the proportion of elderly people in each Pal group was described in relative terms (%) ABSTRACT introduction: Population studies generally use indirect methods to estimate the physical activity level (Pal

Background: The absence of critical values for the cardiovascular risk identification among Brazilian adolescents represents an important limitation.

Rationale & Objective: Clinical practice guidelines for dietary intake in hemodialysis focus on individual nutrients. Little is known about associations of dietary patterns with survival. We evaluated the associations of dietary patterns with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality among adults treated by hemodialysis.