Abstract:In the last couple of decades, production processes have been characterized by their fragmentation, which crosses the borders of countries more and more. This coincides with the common viewpoint that products and services are now made in global value chains and that 'trade in value added' might be a better approach for the measurement for international trade. The same applies at the regional level, and perhaps even to a larger extent. The present paper analyzes the role of Brazilian states in the global value chain. Since fragmentation of production processes leads to an interdependent structure which has to be accounted for, the input-output methodology seems especially suitable. Therefore, in its empirical application, the paper combines a world input-output table covering 40 countries (and the rest of the world as a 41 st country) with an inter-regional input-output table covering each of the Brazilian states, for the year 2008. Our results show that the average country trades approximately twice as much in value added (as a share of country's value added) than Brazil: the participation of Brazil in the global value chain is somewhat limited. We notice, however, important differences among states, both in terms of trade volume and of relevant industries that account for the generation of value added. The paper also further analyzes the Brazilian value chain and the trade relations of Brazilian states with China and USA, exploring the regional heterogeneities involving such relations. Abstract:In the last couple of decades, production processes have been characterized by their fragmentation, which crosses the borders of countries more and more. This coincides with the common viewpoint that products and services are now made in global value chains and that 'trade in value added' might be a better approach for the measurement for international trade.The same applies at the regional level, and perhaps even to a larger extent. The present paper analyzes the role of Brazilian states in the global value chain. Since fragmentation of production processes leads to an interdependent structure which has to be accounted for, the input-output methodology seems especially suitable. Therefore, in its empirical application, the paper combines a world input-output table covering 40 countries (and the rest of the world as a 41 st country) with an inter-regional input-output table covering each of the Brazilian states, for the year 2008. Our results show that the average country trades approximately twice as much in value added (as a share of country's value added) than Brazil: the participation of Brazil in the global value chain is somewhat limited. We notice, however, important differences among states, both in terms of trade volume and of relevant industries that account for the generation of value added. The paper also further analyzes the Brazilian value chain and the trade relations of Brazilian states with China and USA, exploring the regional heterogeneities involving such relations.
agradeço por todas as perspectivas e oportunidades que vem me proporcionando desde a graduação. À Fipe, ao CNPq e à Capes, agradeço o fundamental apoio financeiro. Ao meu orientador, professor Joaquim Guilhoto, registro o meu maior agradecimento pelo seu essencial papel no meu desenvolvimento acadêmico e de caráter. Agradeço por sua confiança, por vezes maior do que eu mesma tive, em minha capacidade intelectual e pelo extraordinário apoio ao meu crescimento profissional. Sua orientação estende-se para além do presente trabalho e contribui para minha formação social, ética e pessoal. Ao professor Fernando Postali, dedico enorme agradecimento por toda atenção despendida ao meu trabalho, assim como pelo seu excelente exemplo de dedicação e comprometimento à atividade docente, o qual buscarei sempre seguir. Ao professor Carlos Azzoni, agradeço pelas ótimas sugestões no exame de qualificação. Ao professor Danilo Igliori, agradeço por ter me permitido o primeiro contato com o tema da dissertação. Agradeço ainda aos outros ótimos professores cujas disciplinas de pósgraduação decididamente contribuíram para minha formação acadêmica: Gabriel Madeira, José Chiappin, Mauro Rodrigues, Eduardo Haddad, Naercio Menezes. A todos com que tive a oportunidade de trabalhar no Nereus, agradeço por tudo que me ensinaram. Espero poder levar em toda minha carreira o espírito de trabalho em grupo e o entusiasmo pela pesquisa que depreendi nos últimos sete anos. Em especial, são-me caros os amigos que fiz nesse contexto-Leandro Almeida,
Este artigo propõe um método para a estimação de Tabelas de Produção e Uso Inter-regionais em condições de informação limitada denominado Supply and Use Interregional Tables – SUIT. O SUIT é aplicado na construção de um sistema para as 27 Unidades da Federação (UF) brasileiras para o ano de 2011. As principais características do SUIT são de: (i) poder ser diretamente aplicado a sistemas compostos por diferentes hierarquias regionais, (ii) ser consistente com as matrizes de insumo-produto nacionais e (iii) ser consistente como sistema de contas regionais do IBGE. O artigo faz uma análise da estrutura produtiva, das relações interestaduais e dos fluxos de comércio entre as UFs.
The purpose of this work is to verify the existence of possible tradeoffs between policies direct to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) with the ones direct to foster the development of the Brazilian Amazon Region, which is one of the poorest in the country. In order to achieve this goal, this paper uses an interregional input-output (I-O) model, estimated for the Brazilian economy for the year of 2004. The I-O model is used to make a comparison between the economical and the environmental relevance of each sector in the economies of the Amazon region and the rest of Brazil. This study considers the greenhouse gases emissions not only from the economic activities by itself, but, also for the more important factor of the land-use changes. This is a fact of most importance, given that in 2005, about 60% of the Brazilian GHGs emissions were due to the land-use change in its different biomes. Moreover, in the Brazilian Amazon region, especially in the last decades, the deforestation was linked mainly to economic factors than to policies conducted by the government. The results show that the sectors with the greatest importance in terms of emissions are cattle and soybean production. Also, they are also the most prominent for the region's economic development. This poses a dilemma that needs to be faced not only by Brazil, but also by the developed nations, as the burden of the reduction in the greenhouse gases emission in the Brazilian Amazon region cannot be only put on the poor population of the region!
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