The word jihad is inter preted in various meaning. Some inter prets it in a nega- tive and destructive connotations, others inter pret it as noble actions. The de- bate on the meaning of jihad are endless as long as there is no clear definition and restrictions which actions are considered as jihad and which ones are not. In order to find the true meaning of jihad, this paper examines the word jihad, both from the Qur’anic perspective and academia discourses.
Cultural values in the community are gradually being replaced. Children more easily receive information provided by internet media. Right and wrong are still questions because what is received, read, seen and heard from various sources is unclear. Especially if it is associated with Islamic nuances, namely da'wah, it will be a great homework for da'wah interpreters to straighten the news or information that is often found in the community so that people start to be sheepfolded by hoax information that will obviously harm our society. Therefore, it is imperative that efforts be made to filter people out of false news and misleading behavior so that the community becomes an intelligent society, with morality, accompanied by local wisdom nuances that are still maintained as an adhesive between the relationship between the people in this millennial era.
The reality that occurs in the field, there are still many learning processes including PAI learning that have not accommodated and empowered metacognitive skills, and are the still focused only on cognitive abilities. Even thought metacognition is very necessary in obtaining academic results and having good moral character because metacognition places great emphasis on self-awareness of cognitive thoughts which can then be applied in behavior. The study aims to examine metacognitive skills form the perspective of the revised edition of Bloom’s Taxonomy in PAI learning. The research is library research with the main reference sources used are research articles that are relevant to the themes studied and in collecting research data using the calm why documentation method in analyzing data using content analysis techniques. The result of this study indicate that metacognitive skills that can be applied are in accordance with the ideas of Anderson dan Kratwohl in the revised edition of Bloom’s Taxonomy, namely: 1) strategic knowledge where students can use various strategies in studying PAI, especially difficult and rote material. 2) knowledge of cognitive tasks where students can complete cognitive tasks and can practice appropriate strategies when learning PAI. 3) Self knowledge, students can learn to know the extent of their abilities in learning PAI. In addition, students can also understand the goals and motivations. They carry out other tasks given by the teacher.Keyword: Metacognitive Skill, Bloom’s Taxonomy Revised, PAI Realita yang terjadi di lapangan, masih banyak proses pembelajaran termasuk pembelajaran PAI yang belum mengakomodasikan serta memberdayakan keterampilan metakognitif, serta masih terfokus hanya sampai pada kemampuan kognitif saja. Padahal metakognitif sangat diperlukan dalam memperoleh hasil akademik dan akhlak moral yang baik karena metakognitif sangat menekankan pada kesadaran diri akan pemikiran kognitifnya yang kemudian dapat teraplikasikan dalam perilakunya, hal ini relevan dengan tujuan PAI yaitu membentuk karakter dan kepribadian manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang keterampilan metakognitif ditinjau dari perspektif taksonomi Bloom Edisi Revisi dalam Pembelajaran PAI. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan, dengan sumber referensi utama yang digunakan adalah penelitian artikel yang sesuai dengan tema yang diteliti dan dalam mengumpulkan data peneliti mempergunakan metode dokumentasi, sedangkan dalam menganalisis data mempergunakan teknik analisis isi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil, bahwasannya keterampilan metakognitif yang dapat diterapkan sesuai dengan gagasan Anderson dan Krathwol dalam taksonomi Bloom edisi revisi yaitu: 1) pengetahuan strategis di mana peserta didik dapat mempergunakan bermacam-macam strategi dalam mempelajari PAI terutama materi yang sulit dan bersifat hafalan. 2) pengetahuan tentang tugas kognitif di mana peserta didik dapat menyelesaikan tugas-tugas kognitif dan bisa mempergunakan strategi yang tepat ketika belajar PAI. 3) pengetahuan diri, peserta didik dapat belajar mengetahui sejauh mana kemampuan yang dimilikinya dalam belajar PAI. Selain itu peserta didik juga dapat memahami tujuan serta motivasi mereka melaksanakan tugas-tugas PAI yang telah diberikan.Kata Kunci: Edisi Revisi, Keterampilan Metakognitif, PAI, Taksonomi Bloom
Researchers have developed the coastal environments-based physics learning module. One of the quality modules developed can be seen from its validity. This research aims to describe the validity of the coastal environments-based physics learning module on the theme temperature and heat. The technique of collecting data is used a validation sheet by four validators, namely two as expert validators and two as validator practitioners. The validity aspects of the experts assessed are construct, content, and language. Aspects of validity seen from practitioners are relevance, accuracy, readability, and language. The criteria for stating the quality of the physics module developed in each component consist of four evaluations, 1) invalid, 2) less valid, 3) valid, 4) very valid. The results of this research indicated that the expert validity was 3.38 with a very valid category; also that practitioner validity is 3.64 with a very valid category. Thus, a physics learning module insight the coastal environment could be used in learning to observe aspects of quality from other aspects such as practicality and effectiveness.
Islamic fundamentalism has often been accused as a source of conflict so that it should be ended immediately. And the radical movement should put forward a complete understanding of diverse religions. Likewise, in every movement, it is necessary to keep the political and economic interests away from religion, because such factors triggers inter-religious conflict. The brutal act by a group of people who claims the most righteous by displaying the most sinister and frightening face of Islam, is really far from Islamic values. Islam is rahmatan lil ‘alamin, especially towards fellow Muslims who believe in the truth of Islam based on the Koran and the Sunnah as the main and first source of Islamic teachings. If this motto is implemented seriously, the conflicts that have occurred will not be repeated. In its further development, fundamentalism undergoes a change, a shift, and is further away from its origin. The discussion of fundamentalism today is more associated with a negative impression that Islam is a religion of violence, anti-progress and establishment, conservative, antiWestern, and always takes violence to achieve its goals. This labeling and stigmatization of course has greatly marginalized Islam in international relations. This kind of stigmatization can be understood by Muslims so that they also hold counters in various ways, including counter discourse. However, the efforts made by Muslims have not been able to change the world view of Islam, especially the Western world. Islam to this day is still perceived as a violent religion. امللخص: كام يتم التعبري عنها يف كثري من األحيان يف شكل اتهامات ، بأن األصولية اإلسالمية مصدر للرصاع ويجب إنهاؤها عىل الفور. ويجب أن تعزز حركة الراديكالية الفهم الكامل ملختلف األديان. وباملثل يف كل حركة ، يجب إبعاد املحتوى السيايس واالقتصادي عن التنوع ، ألن هذا عامل يثري الرصاع باسم الدين. إن العمل الوحيش ملجموعة من األشخاص الذين يشعرون باألمان ويشعرون بالصالح من خالل إظهار الوجه األكرث رشاً وخوفاً لإلسالم بعيد كل البعد عن القيم اإلسالمية. اإلسالم هو رحمة لألمني ، وخاصة تجاه إخوانهم املسلمني الذين يؤمنون بحقيقة اإلسالم عىل أساس القرآن والسنة باعتبارها املصدر الرئييس واألول للتعاليم اإلسالمية. إذا تم طرح هذا ، فلن تتكرر النزاعات التي حدثت. يف التطورات الالحقة ، شهدت األصولية تغيريات وتحوالت وأبعدت عن أصلها. إن مناقشة األصولية يف الوقت الحايل مرتبطة أكرث باإلسالم بانطباع سلبي بأن اإلسالم دين عنيف ومعاد للتقدم ومؤسس ومحافظ ومعاد للغرب ويتخذ العنف دامئًا لتحقيق أهدافه. وبالطبع فإن هذا ً التوسيم والوصم يهمش اإلسالم حقا يف العالقات الدولية. ميكن للمسلمني أن يفهموا ويفهموا هذا النوع من الوصم حتى يتصدوا لها بطرق مختلفة ، مبا يف ذلك الخطاب املضاد. إال أن الجهود التي يبذلها املسلمون مل تكن قادرة عىل تغيري نظرة العامل اإلسالمي ، وخاصة ُنظر إىل اإلسالم عىل أنه دين عنف. العامل الغريب. حتى اآلن ، ال يزال يAbstrak: Seperti yang sering diungkapkan dalam bentuk tudingan, bahwa fundamentalisme Islam merupakan sumber konflik sehingga harus segera diakhiri. Dan gerakan radikalisme harus mengedepankan pemahaman yang utuh tentang beragam agama. Begitu pula dalam setiap gerakan, muatan politik dan ekonomi perlu dijauhkan dari keberagaman, karena inilah faktor yang memicu terjadinya konflik yang mengatasnamakan agama. Tindakan brutal sekelompok orang yang merasa paling aman dan merasa paling benar dengan menampilkan wajah Islam yang paling seram dan menakutkan, sungguh jauh dari nilai-nilai Islam. Islam adalah rahmatan lil ‘alamin, terutama terhadap sesama umat Islam yang meyakini kebenaran Islam berdasarkan Alquran dan Sunnah sebagai sumber utama dan pertama ajaran Islam. Jika ini dikedepankan maka konflik yang telah terjadi tidak akan terulang kembali. Dalam perkembangan selanjutnya, fundamentalisme mengalami perubahan, pergeseran, dan semakin jauh dari asalnya. Pembahasan fundamentalisme saat ini lebih banyak dikaitkan dengan Islam dengan kesan negatif bahwa Islam adalah agama yang kekerasan, anti kemajuan dan kemapanan, konservatif, anti Barat, dan selalu mengambil kekerasan untuk mencapai tujuannya. Pelabelan dan stigmatisasi ini tentu saja sangat memarjinalkan Islam dalam hubungan internasional. Stigmatisasi semacam ini dapat dipahami dan dipahami oleh umat Islam sehingga mereka pun mengadakan tandingan dengan berbagai cara, termasuk tandingan wacana. Namun upaya yang dilakukan oleh umat Islam belum mampu mengubah pandangan dunia Islam, khususnya dunia Barat. Islam hingga saat ini masih dipersepsikan sebagai agama kekerasan.
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