Biomedical innovation typically involves intense collaboration across diverse disciplines, occupations and organizations. Given this, a nation's integrative capabilities (the ability to move between basic science and clinical development) and relational capabilities (the ability to collaborate with diverse organizations) have been identified as crucial for encouraging innovation. However, the impact of such capabilities on innovation has been considered, to date, mainly in macro, structural terms -explaining US national competitive advantage, for example. This paper draws, instead, from a qualitative analysis of biomedical innovation in the UK and US to identify mechanisms influencing innovation at the project level through which macro level capabilities may be having effects. From this we develop a propositional framework that helps to explain the likely impact of such capabilities for characteristically different kinds of innovation projects at the micro level.

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This article explores knowledge-sharing tendencies among individuals in a UK project-based organization. While the knowledge management literature extensively considers the significant impact of relationships and trust on sharing knowledge, the underlying reasoning behind individual choices to share knowledge and expertise largely remains an underexplored area. Bourdieu's conception of the habitus is used as an alternative tool to interpret individual dynamics and their propensity for sharing knowledge given their personal relationships. Data are drawn from in-depth interviews conducted across the organization and presented as a narrative indicative of relationship dynamics of individual actors. The findings suggest that individual predisposition towards knowledge sharing is influenced by experiences in sustained relationships, coupled with awareness of knowledge sources, expectations of reciprocity in relationships, and acceptance into social groups. Particularly, the predisposing nature of the habitus serves as guide to location and utilization of knowledge sources as well as on choices to share personal knowledge.

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This paper draws on the institutional theory framework to explore the prevalence of entrepreneurship in the informal economy in Nigeria. An interpretive approach was taken in analysing open-ended interview data collected from twenty-six entrepreneurs in the hand woven textiles industry in the south western region of Nigeria. Our findings show that beyond regulatory burden or survivalist economic necessity, the enterprise culture in the Nigerian informal economy is determined by value-driven criteria of socio-cultural and normative environment that constitute part of the cognitive process of entrepreneurial emergence in a typical institutional context.