BackgroundHospital antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) aim to promote judicious use of antimicrobials to combat antimicrobial resistance. For ASPs to be developed, adopted, and implemented, an economic value assessment is essential. Few studies demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of ASPs. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the economic and clinical impact of ASPs.MethodsAn update to the Dik et al. systematic review (2000–2014) was conducted on EMBASE and Medline using PRISMA guidelines. The updated search was limited to primary research studies in English (30 September 2014–31 December 2017) that evaluated patient and/or economic outcomes after implementation of hospital ASPs including length of stay (LOS), antimicrobial use, and total (including operational and implementation) costs.ResultsOne hundred forty-six studies meeting inclusion criteria were included. The majority of these studies were conducted within the last 5 years in North America (49%), Europe (25%), and Asia (14%), with few studies conducted in Africa (3%), South America (3%), and Australia (3%). Most studies were conducted in hospitals with 500–1000 beds and evaluated LOS and change in antibiotic expenditure, the majority of which showed a decrease in LOS (85%) and antibiotic expenditure (92%). The mean cost-savings varied by hospital size and region after implementation of ASPs. Average cost savings in US studies were $732 per patient (range: $2.50 to $2640), with similar trends exhibited in European studies. The key driver of cost savings was from reduction in LOS. Savings were higher among hospitals with comprehensive ASPs which included therapy review and antibiotic restrictions.ConclusionsOur data indicates that hospital ASPs have significant value with beneficial clinical and economic impacts. More robust published data is required in terms of implementation, LOS, and overall costs so that decision-makers can make a stronger case for investing in ASPs, considering competing priorities. Such data on ASPs in lower- and middle-income countries is limited and requires urgent attention.

The PPCPM BP control rate ranks in the 90th percentile of National Committee for Quality Assurance benchmarks and was superior even to the 2013 reported mean for commercial insurers. The PPCPM effectively improved hypertension control in an uninsured, primarily African-American, urban population despite significant health barriers. Key elements of this asynchronous care model included access to a common medical record, optimization of distinct interprofessional roles, frequent follow-up with evaluation, and collaborative practice agreement with sufficient scope of practice to implement medication changes at the time of the visit.

1087 Background: Approximately 50% of BCs traditionally categorized as HER2 negative (HER2-neg) express low levels of HER2 (IHC 1+ or IHC 2+/ISH-; Miglietta, NPJ Breast Cancer 2021). HER2-targeted therapies for HER2-low metastatic BC (mBC) are under investigation (eg, T-DXd in the phase 3 DESTINY-Breast04 study; NCT03734029), but HER2 assays currently used to select patients (pts) for approved anti-HER2 therapies are optimized for high HER2 expression and are not validated for HER2-low detection. A recent study found relatively poor agreement (<70% interrater agreement) in evaluation of IHC scores of 0 and 1+ using current HER2 assays (Fernandez, JAMA Oncol 2022). Our objectives were to assess the prevalence of HER2-low among HER2-neg based on rescored HER2 IHC slides after training on low-end expression scoring and to describe pt characteristics of HER2-low vs HER2 IHC 0 mBC. Preliminary results are reported for 233 of 1000 planned pts. Methods: This multicenter, retrospective study (NCT04807595) included pts with confirmed HER2-neg unresectable/mBC diagnosed between 2015 and 2017. Local laboratories, blinded to historical HER2 scores, rescored HER2 IHC-stained slides. HER2 was assessed using Ventana 4B5 and other assays. BCs were categorized as HER2-low or HER2 IHC 0. The prevalence of HER2-low BC among pts originally scored as HER2-neg was measured. Demographics (eg, age, country, race) and clinicopathological characteristics were examined via medical charts/electronic health records. Concordance between historical HER2 scores and rescores was assessed. Results: HER2 rescores were obtained for 233 pts (mean age, 54 y). HER2-low prevalence was 63.2% overall and numerically greater in hormone receptor (HR)–positive vs HR-negative subgroups (66.1% vs 54.8%; Table). No notable differences in prevalence were seen among different HER2 assays or in demographic/baseline disease characteristics between the HER2-low and HER2 IHC 0 groups. Concordance rate between historical and rescored slides for HER2-status classification was 82.3%. The presentation will include an expanded data set (≈400 pts) with additional results. Conclusions: Data on HER2-low prevalence in BC is limited. Preliminary data from this study of mBC samples suggest a somewhat higher prevalence estimate (≈63%) than a previous study of primary BC samples (≈50%). Concordance was 82%; ongoing analyses with updated data will clarify the concordance between rescored and historical HER2 slides. These data can support development of best practices for identifying pts with HER2-low expression who may benefit from HER2-targeted therapies. Clinical trial information: NCT04807595. [Table: see text]

Background Second-generation androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs) have been associated with adverse events (AEs) such as fatigue, falls, fractures, and rash in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) patients as identified in clinical trials. The objectives of this study were to describe the incidence and management of AEs in patients receiving apalutamide and enzalutamide. Methods This retrospective chart review study was conducted in nmCRPC-treating sites in the United States. Patients starting apalutamide or enzalutamide between February 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018 were included and any AEs they experienced were recorded. AEs, including those considered to be of special interest as defined in the pivotal clinical trials of the second-generation ARIs, were analyzed and grouped retrospectively in this study. Detailed chart data (patient demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment history, type of AE, outcomes, and resource utilization) were then collected for a randomly selected subset among patients with ≥1 AE to characterize AEs and their management. Descriptive results were summarized. Results Forty-three sites participated in the study. A total of 699 patients were included, of whom 525 (75.1%) experienced ≥1 AE. The most common AEs were fatigue/asthenia (34.3%), hot flush (13.9%), and arthralgia (13.6%). In the subset of 250 patients randomly selected from those who experienced ≥1 AE, patients were primarily White (72.0%), the mean age was 71 years, 86.0% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score of 0–1 at nmCRPC diagnosis, and the average prostate specific antigen (PSA) value at diagnosis was 23.2 ng/mL. PSA-doubling time < 10 months was chosen as reason to initiate treatment in 40% of patients. The median duration of follow-up was 1.1 years, with 14.4% of patients progressing to metastasis by end of study period. Grade 3–4 and Grade 5 AEs occurred in 14.4 and 0.4% of patients, respectively. Actions taken to manage AEs included AE-directed treatment (38.0%), ARI discontinuation (10.4%), dose reduction (7.6%), and AE-related hospitalization (4.8%). Conclusions This study highlights the burden of AEs among nmCRPC patients treated with apalutamide or enzalutamide, providing a relevant real-world benchmark as clinical trial evidence and the treatment landcape for nmCRPC continues to evolve.

No abstract