No abstract

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the heterogeneity and diversity of algae according to an aquatic environment polluted by Remazol Red Brilliant dye. Methodology followed Winogradsky columns technique, which describes a microecosystem in a glass container. Two columns were prepared: one control and another with Remazol Red Brilliant dye simulating a contaminated environment. The experiment was under illumination to provide light energy to photosynthetic organisms and alteration in two columns were observed and quantified: algae development and color changes. Results demonstrated that pH remained constant in control column; however the initial pH changed in contaminated column. A higher pH observed at the bottom after 48 days showed microbial activity in dye biodegradation, which was corroborated by minor absorbance value at Remazol Red Brilliant peak (541.5 nm). Moreover, control column presented higher algae growth since the beginning owing to the dye absence and 12 different families were identified in two Winogradsky column. This analysis concluded that, despite the greater diversity found in B, algae biomass production was much smaller compared to column without the dye. Therefore, Remazol Red Brilliant presence would affect the food chain in aquatic environments and consequently causes an ecological imbalance by the textile effluent impact.

The lubricating oil is among the few oil products that are not fully consumed during use. Formulators of lubricants have been working on developing products with longer life. However, with increasing additives and life, there are more difficulties in the regeneration process after use. Moreover, in Brazil 64% of used lubricating oil disposal is inadequate. Biodiesel consists of an alternative to petroleum diesel because it emits less greenhouse gases in the combustion process. However, it is not an ideal fuel, because the main renewable source for biodiesel production is soy, whose cultivation requires large areas available, which often were deforested. In addition, there is no knowledge about the real effects in case of leaks biodiesel front of groundwater quality, human health and the environment. The Winogradsky column is a glass container containing samples of soil, water and nutrients from the environment, which you want to play. This study aimed to use the Winogradsky column in the analysis of biota from an aquatic ecosystem contaminated with mineral lubricating oil or biodiesel used. The methodology of the Winogradsky column to have an ecotoxicological assessment of the river Ribeirão Claro water contaminated with used lubricating oil or biodiesel. Algae were used as bioindicators of the water's quality and toxicity with the help of identification keys.