Iodine was demonstrated to be an efficient catalyst for disproportionation of aryl-substituted ethers under solvent-free reaction conditions. Variously substituted 1,1,1',1'-tetraaryldimethyl ethers were transformed into the corresponding diarylketone and diarylmethane derivatives. I2-catalyzed transformation of 4-methoxyphenyl substituted ethers yielded mono- and dialkylated Friedel-Crafts products as well. Treatment of trityl alkyl and trityl benzyl ethers with a catalytic amount of iodine produced triphenylmethane and the corresponding aldehydes and ketones. The electron-donating substituents facilitated the reaction, while the electron-withdrawing groups retarded it; the difference in reactivity is not very high. Such an observation may be in favour of hydride transfer, predominantly from the less electron rich side of the ether with more stable carbocation formation. With the isotopic studies it was established that a substantial portion of the C-H bond scission took place in the rate-determining step, while the carbonyl oxygen atom originated from the starting ether, and not from the air. The transformation took place under air and under argon, and HI was not a functioning catalyst.
Iodine-catalyzed transformations of alcohols under solvent-free reaction conditions (SFRC) and under highly concentrated reaction conditions (HCRC) in the presence of various solvents were studied in order to gain insight into the behavior of the reaction intermediates under these conditions. Dimerization, dehydration and substitution were the three types of transformations observed with benzylic alcohols. Dimerization and substitution reactions were predominant in the case of primary-and secondary alcohols, whereas dehydration prevailed in the case of tertiary alcohols. The relative reactivity of substituted 1-phenylethanols in I 2 -catalyzed dimerization under SFRC provided a good Hammett plot ρ + = −2.8 (r 2 = 0.98), suggesting the presence of electron-deficient intermediates with a certain degree of developed charge in the rate-determining step.
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