Menstrual practices of adolescent girls in rural parts of India are greatly influenced by taboos and socio-cultural beliefs. In this study, the menstrual hygiene practices and beliefs of 122 adolescent girls between the ages of 13 and 19 years from rural Maharashtra were evaluated by personal interview and questionnaires. None of the girls had the right scientific knowledge about menstruation and were isolated during menstruation. They used cloth or home-made sanitary pads and were at risk of infections. There is a dire need for knowledge dissemination among school children and their families, increased awareness of menstrual hygiene and access to the requisite sanitary products in rural areas.
Background: Caesarean section is one of the commonly performed surgical procedures in obstetrics and is certainly one of the oldest operations in surgery. One of the most dramatic features of modern obstetrics is the increase in the caesarean section rate. The present study was conducted to estimate proportion of various indications of LSCS and also to assess socio demographic profile of mothers undergoing caesarean section in a tertiary care centre. Methods: The present cross sectional observational study was conducted at Government Medical College & Hospital, Akola in the post natal ward (PNC). Non probability convenient sampling method was used. All patients admitted to PNC ward after LSCS were included in study. For data collection paper based pre tested, semi –structured questionnaire was used. Results: Previous LSCS was indication for LSCS in 32% cases. Eclampsia, preeclampsia and Anaemia were the indications for LSCS in 19.3%, 8.6% and 5.3% cases respectively. Other common indications includes CPD, meconium stained liquor, fetal distress, breech presentations, twin pregnancy and preterm labour. Conclusions: The proportion of LSCS is more than WHO recommended proportion of LSCS. It may be due to present institute acts as tertiary care center. Still this proportion is high, so encouragement should be given to trial of labour in selected low risk cases and in Primi patients whenever possible.
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and reproductive tract infections (RTIs) have existed worldwide since ancient time, causing significant morbidity and mortality. To maintain healthy sexual and reproductive life, it is highly essential to prevent STIs, RTIs and related illnesses. STIs are transmitted by swapping body fluids among people during sexual intercourse. The etiological agents for STIs are bacteria, virus and parasites for most cases, but proportions by different aetiology are changing. Various studies have shown that STIs are increasing, and its primary aetiology is changing worldwide. That should be considered seriously and needs necessary actions. Several factors related to hosts and disease-causing agents have identified to influence STIs' current strategies in the prevention and control program. The present assessment attempts to review the history, changing aetiology and antimicrobial resistance in STIs. This review has also highlighted the prevalence of STIs at the global level and their past and present trends in India, emphasising its future challenges and perspectives for making effective public health policies to prevent and control STIs.
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