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The COVID-19 pandemic that has engulfed the world, has affected the human lives in several aspects. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in faeces and urine of the infected person, even after viral clearance in the respiratory tract, and its presence in untreated wastewater raises the possibility of fecal-oral transmission in future. The situation is likely to be more aggravated in developing and least developed countries struggling with the problem of ineffective waste disposal system, open defecation, poor sanitation, and limited access to clean drinking water. In this review, the available data on wastewater treatment, sanitation status and healthcare infrastructure from middle- and low-income countries is collected and correlated with the risk associated with the fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The review also highlights the limitation of COVID-19 surveillance through sewage monitoring in these countries owing to the absence of proper sewerage system. An inclusive approach of awareness, prevention, and mitigation from global to the local levels is required to overcome this challenging situation in developing countries.

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n-Dodecyl acrylate (DA) and dodecyl-4-vinyl benzoate (DVB) were copolymerized by conventional free-radical polymerization (CFRP); atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and nitroxide-mediated living free-radical polymerization (NMLFRP) with benzoyl peroxide, 1-phenyl ethyl chloride/cuprous chloride/2,2Ј-bipyridine, and benzoyl peroxide/2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy initiator systems, respectively. In CFRP and NMLFRP, toluene and xylene were used as solvents, whereas ATRP was performed in bulk. Mayo-Lewis, Kelen-Tü dös, and Fineman-Ross methods were used for the determination of the monomer reactivity ratios (r 1 and r 2 ). They all gave nearly the same values of r 1 and r 2 . The reactivity ratios of the two monomers in CFRP, ATRP, and NMLFRP were 0.17 Յ r 1 Յ 0.4 (DA) and 1.0 Յ r 2 Յ 1.24 (DVB). The side-chain crystallinity of the copolymers decreased with an increasing DVB molar fraction.