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Abiotic stresses adversely affect rice yield and productivity, especially under the changing climatic scenario. Exposure to multiple abiotic stresses acting together aggravates these effects. The projected increase in global temperatures, rainfall variability, and salinity will increase the frequency and intensity of multiple abiotic stresses. These abiotic stresses affect paddy physiology and deteriorate grain quality, especially milling quality and cooking characteristics. Understanding the molecular and physiological mechanisms behind grain quality reduction under multiple abiotic stresses is needed to breed cultivars that can tolerate multiple abiotic stresses. This review summarizes the combined effect of various stresses on rice physiology, focusing on grain quality parameters and yield traits, and discusses strategies for improving grain quality parameters using high-throughput phenotyping with omics approaches.

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Mulberry sericulture is an alternative farm-based livelihood activity and is practiced in various climatic conditions. A field and rearing experiment was conducted to evaluate the mulberry variety S-1635 for leaf and silk cocoon productivity under alternative pruning and rearing schedule during autumn 2019 and spring 2020 seasons. The leaf moisture content, leaf fall at harvest, primary shoots plant -1 , longest shoot length, total shoots length and leaf yield plant -1 was significantly higher in new pruning schedule in both the season. The new mulberry crop schedule recorded higher leaf productivity to a tune of 12% in autumn and double in comparison to existing schedule practiced by farmers. The role of optimal weather and period of crop growth had a greater impact on leaf yield during autumn and spring crops, respectively. Most of the reeling cocoon and silk parameters obtained from fed leaves differed significantly with pruning schedules in both the seasons. Effective rate of rearing and weight was significantly higher in new pruning schedule while single cocoon weight was higher in existing schedule. The new silkworm rearing schedule recorded 10-12% higher cocoon yield in both Agrahayani (75.67 kg) and Falguni (62.08 kg) crops compared to existing crop schedule. The investigation revealed that delaying the mulberry pruning and silkworm rearing date by two weeks effectively increased both leaf and cocoon output. The new mulberry sericulture crop schedules will be a climate change adaptation strategy to maintain production potential in the lower-gangetic region.

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