Cytokinin enhanced biomass and yield in wheat by improving N-metabolism under water limited environment

Nagar, Shivani; Ramakrishnan, S.; Singh, Vivek; Singh, Gyanendra; Dhakar, Rajkumar; Umesh, Deepika Kumar; Arora, Ajay

doi:10.1007/s40502-014-0134-3

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…31.9 ± 3.9 34.2 ± 3.9 29 ± 4.4 30.7 ± 3 irrigated conditions. This is in line with reports of decreased activity of two major enzymes of NO 3 − assimilation pathway, NO 3 − reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS), under drought (Nagar et al, 2015). There was a close inverse association between leaf NO 3 − as a proportion to total N and grain protein across cultivars and CO 2treatments for each water treatment.…”

Section: Grain Proteinsupporting

confidence: 90%

The proportion of nitrate in leaf nitrogen, but not changes in root growth, are associated with decreased grain protein in wheat under elevated [CO2]

Bahrami

Kok

Armstrong

et al. 2017

Journal of Plant Physiology

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The atmospheric CO concentration ([CO]) is increasing and predicted to reach ∼550ppm by 2050. Increasing [CO] typically stimulates crop growth and yield, but decreases concentrations of nutrients, such as nitrogen ([N]), and therefore protein, in plant tissues and grains. Such changes in grain composition are expected to have negative implications for the nutritional and economic value of grains. This study addresses two mechanisms potentially accountable for the phenomenon of elevated [CO]-induced decreases in [N]: N uptake per unit length of roots as well as inhibition of the assimilation of nitrate (NO) into protein are investigated and related to grain protein. We analysed two wheat cultivars from a similar genetic background but contrasting in agronomic features (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Scout and Yitpi). Plants were field-grown within the Australian Grains Free Air CO Enrichment (AGFACE) facility under two atmospheric [CO] (ambient, ∼400ppm, and elevated, ∼550ppm) and two water treatments (rain-fed and well-watered). Aboveground dry weight (ADW) and root length (RL, captured by a mini-rhizotron root growth monitoring system), as well as [N] and NO concentrations ([NO]) were monitored throughout the growing season and related to grain protein at harvest. RL generally increased under e[CO] and varied between water supply and cultivars. The ratio of total aboveground N (TN) taken up per RL was affected by CO treatment only later in the season and there was no significant correlation between TN/RL and grain protein concentration across cultivars and [CO] treatments. In contrast, a greater percentage of N remained as unassimilated [NO] in the tissue of e[CO] grown crops (expressed as the ratio of NO to total N) and this was significantly correlated with decreased grain protein. These findings suggest that e[CO] directly affects the nitrate assimilation capacity of wheat with direct negative implications for grain quality.

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Section: Grain Proteinsupporting

confidence: 90%

The proportion of nitrate in leaf nitrogen, but not changes in root growth, are associated with decreased grain protein in wheat under elevated [CO2]

Bahrami

Kok

Armstrong

et al. 2017

Journal of Plant Physiology

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“…Exogenous treatment of CKs improves biomass, yield, and nitrogen metabolism by enhancing nitrogen assimilation enzymes such as NITRATE REDUCTASE and GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE and delaying leaf senescence under drought stress (Nagar et al, 2015). Exogenous application of 6‐benzylaminopurine (BAP), a synthetic CK, alleviates photosynthesis, and water loss in cotton increases carboxylation efficiency and RuBPCO activity as well as lint mass per plant under drought (Pandey et al, 2003).…”

Section: Phytohormones Action and Response Mechanism In Drought Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk between phytohormones and secondary metabolites in the drought stress tolerance of crop plants: A review

Jogawat

Yadav

Chhaya

et al. 2021

Physiologia Plantarum

232

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Drought stress negatively affects crop performance and weakens global food security. It triggers the activation of downstream pathways, mainly through phytohormones homeostasis and their signaling networks, which further initiate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (SMs). Roots sense drought stress, the signal travels to the above-ground tissues to induce systemic phytohormones signaling. The systemic signals further trigger the biosynthesis of SMs and stomatal closure to prevent water loss. SMs primarily scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) to protect plants from lipid peroxidation and also perform additional defense-related functions.Moreover, drought-induced volatile SMs can alert the plant tissues to perform drought stress mitigating functions in plants. Other phytohormone-induced stress responses include cell wall and cuticle thickening, root and leaf morphology alteration, and anatomical changes of roots, stems, and leaves, which in turn minimize the oxidative stress, water loss, and other adverse effects of drought. Exogenous applications of phytohormones and genetic engineering of phytohormones signaling and biosynthesis pathways mitigate the drought stress effects. Direct modulation of the SMs biosynthetic pathway genes or indirect via phytohormones' regulation provides drought tolerance. Thus, phytohormones and SMs play key roles in plant development under the drought stress environment in crop plants. | INTRODUCTIONA large segment of the population is going to face food scarcity due to climate change and the gradually decreasing arable land area. Plants are confronted to a variable environment while growing from seedling to mature plant. Different abiotic and biotic stresses affect plant growth and development (Cramer et al., 2011;Fujita et al., 2006;Tuteja & Sopory, 2008). Abiotic stress includes drought, submergence, osmotic stress, salinity stress, oxidative stress, ultra-violet irradiation, wounding, and nutrient depletion. The extremity of optimum factors such as high temperature or low temperature and freezing-thawing is also included in abiotic stresses. Biotic stresses include viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, worms, nematodes, insects, herbivores, and parasitic plants. Plants have to combat these stressors due to their sessile lifestyle (Cramer et al., 2011;Fujita et al., 2006). More than 50% reduction in average yields of major cereal crops has been reported because of various abiotic stresses. Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses that negatively influence plant performance and causes harsh effects on biomass and yield (Fahad et al., 2017). A

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“…The enhanced amount of CKs increases sink strength by over-expressing genes involved in cell division through sugar signaling, which involves increased phloem unloading but also the sugar import to endospermic cells via the cell wall-associated enzyme invertase [ 79 ]. A treatment with CKs allows higher biomass and yield in drought-stressed plants, through an improvement of N metabolism, but the CK concentration often decreases during a drought stress [ 80 ]. Increasing evidence has reported that CKs regulate plant drought acclimation/adaptation across a multistep phosphorelay pathway [ 81 ].…”

Section: Wheat Drought Interaction: From Perception To Plant Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Wheat Physiology in Response to Drought and the Role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria to Trigger Drought Tolerance

Camaille

Fabre²,

Clément

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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In the coming century, climate change and the increasing human population are likely leading agriculture to face multiple challenges. Agricultural production has to increase while preserving natural resources and protecting the environment. Drought is one of the major abiotic problems, which limits the growth and productivity of crops and impacts 1–3% of all land.To cope with unfavorable water-deficit conditions, plants use through sophisticated and complex mechanisms that help to perceive the stress signal and enable optimal crop yield are required. Among crop production, wheat is estimated to feed about one-fifth of humanity, but faces more and more drought stress periods, partially due to climate change. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are a promising and interesting way to develop productive and sustainable agriculture despite environmental stress. The current review focuses on drought stress effects on wheat and how plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria trigger drought stress tolerance of wheat by highlighting several mechanisms. These bacteria can lead to better growth and higher yield through the production of phytohormones, osmolytes, antioxidants, volatile compounds, exopolysaccharides and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase. Based on the available literature, we provide a comprehensive review of mechanisms involved in drought resilience and how bacteria may alleviate this constraint

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Cytokinin enhanced biomass and yield in wheat by improving N-metabolism under water limited environment

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

The proportion of nitrate in leaf nitrogen, but not changes in root growth, are associated with decreased grain protein in wheat under elevated [CO2]

The proportion of nitrate in leaf nitrogen, but not changes in root growth, are associated with decreased grain protein in wheat under elevated [CO2]

Crosstalk between phytohormones and secondary metabolites in the drought stress tolerance of crop plants: A review

Advances in Wheat Physiology in Response to Drought and the Role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria to Trigger Drought Tolerance

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