A number of new 4-aryloxymethylcoumarins 3 and 5 have been obtained from the reaction of various 4-bromomethylcoumarins with 2-nitro-p-cresol 2 and 2,6-dibromo-p-cresol 4. NOE studies have been carried out on two compounds to ascertain their spatial proximity. p-cresol ethers 7 have been subjected to bromination in chloroform and the position of bromine has been established by diffraction studies. Cleavage of the ether linkage has been observed during an attempted nitration of ethers 7. Antimicrobial activity of all the compounds against five bacterial and five fungal species have been reported.
Background: Living organisms are frequently exposed to more than one xenobiotic at a time either by ingestion of contaminated food/fodder or due to household practices, occupational hazards or through environment. These xenobiotics interact individually or in combination with biological systems and act as carcinogen or produce other toxic effects including reproductive and degenerative diseases. Present study was aimed to investigate the cyto-genotoxic effects of flubendiamide and copper and ameliorative potential of certain natural phyotconstituent antioxidants. Method: In vitro cytogenotoxic effects were evaluated by employing battery of assays including Propidium iodide staining, Tunel assay, Micronuclei, DNA fragmentation and Comet assay on isolated splenocytes and their prevention by resveratrol (5 and 10 μM), catechin (10 and 20 μM), curcumin (5 and 10 μM) and α-tocopherol (5, 10 and 20 μM). In vivo study was also undertaken daily oral administration of flubendiamide (200 mg/kg) or copper (33 mg/kg) and both these in combination, and also all these concurrently with of α-tocopherol to Wistar rats for 90 days. Results: Flubendiamide and copper produced concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects on splenocytes and at median lethal concentrations, flubendiamide (40 μM) and copper (40 μM) respectively produced 71 and 81% nonviable cells, higher number of Tunel+ve apoptotic cells, 7.86 and 9.16% micronucleus and 22.90 and 29.59 comets/100 cells and DNA fragmentation. In vivo study revealed significant (P < 0.05) increase in level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in groups exposed to flubendiamide or copper alone or both these in combination. Histopathological examination of rat spleens revealed depletion of lymphoid tissue, separation of splenocytes and rarification in splenic parenchyma of xenobiotic(s) treated groups.
The presence of fQRS is a predictor in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing p-PCI. The occurrence of fQRS is beneficial to identify the patients with severe coronary lesion, left ventricular contraction dysfunction, and larger areas of ischemic injury.
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