MR imaging demonstrated fusiform nerve enlargement that was caused by fatty proliferation and thickening of nerve bundles. Nerve bundles appeared as serpentine tubular structures, hypointense on both T1- and T2-weighted images. The degree of fatty proliferation varied among patients. In addition, significant variation in the distribution of fat along the course of the nerves was noted. In three patients, FLH followed the branching pattern of the nerves, a characteristic pathologic finding. In two patients, intramuscular fat deposition (biceps and tibialis posterior muscles) was present. MR imaging findings of FLH are typical, allowing a confident diagnosis. The variation of fatty proliferation among patients and involved nerves as well as the tendency of the abnormalities to follow the branching pattern of the nerves is well demonstrated with MR imaging. FLH may present as an isolated nerve lesion, may be associated with intramuscular fat deposition, or may occur as a feature of macrodystrophia lipomatosa (MDL).

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

One hundred renal pelvic washings were reviewed blindly for 12 cytologic features. Of 52 washings with tissue confirmation, the cytologic diagnosis suggestive of or positive for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) was made in 36 cases; 11 were negative, and 5 were unsatisfactory. Of 36 positive washings, histology confirmed the TCC diagnosis in 35 but revealed only reactive changes in 1. Of 11 negative washings, 9 were histologically negative for TCC, and 2 were positive for high-grade TCC. Among 48 washings without tissue confirmation, 33 were negative for TCC or showed reactive changes, 12 were negative for high-grade dysplasia or malignancy, but low-grade TCC could not be ruled out, 1 was suggestive of malignancy, and 2 were unsatisfactory. Clinical follow-up revealed no TCC. Predictive cytologic features of high-grade TCC were high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, isolated cells, anisonucleosis, nuclear hyperchromasia, and coarse chromatin; for low-grade they were presence of more than 5 papillary groups, cellular overlapping, anisonucleosis, and hyperchromasia. The sensitivity and specificity for the cytologic diagnosis were 89% and 97% for high-grade TCC and 100% and 78% for low-grade TCC, respectively. Renal pelvic washings can be used to accurately diagnose TCC of the renal pelvis. The positive predictive value for high-grade TCC is 93%, but for low-grade tumors it is 43%.

No abstract