Natural isolates of Kluyveromyces from a variety of habitats were compared on the basis of seven isoenzyme patterns. Some strains of Candida considered to be Kluyveromyces anamorphs, as well as one strain each of Candida sake, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Pichia JEuxuum, were also examined. The isoenzyme patterns readily substantiated the relationships between the anamorphs and their putative teleomorphs and the nonmember status of strains not belonging to the genus. A multivariate analysis of the electrophoretic patterns indicated that isolates belonging to the Kluy veromyces lactis and Kluy veromyces marxianus deoxyribonucleic acid reassociation groups are not phenotypically continuous with one another or with the former species Kluyveromyces dobzhanskii, and thus we propose to reinstate these taxa as separate species. Taxa previously described as Kluyveromyces thermotokrans and Kluyveromyces waltii also appeared to constitute reproductively isolated natural populations. When the results of isoenzyme electrophoresis were compared with deoxyribonucleic acid reassociation data and with mating compatibility patterns determined by other workers, we found that deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness gives a more accurate view of relationships among Kluyveromyces species.In 1984, the genus Kluyveromyces van der Walt emend. van der Walt underwent a major revision (15). Based on strain hybridization studies ( 5 ) , Kluyveromyces bulgaricus,
A new HindI polymorphism for the human serotonin 1D receptor variant (5-HT1Dβ) is reported. In light of evidence indicating possible dysfunction of the 5-HT neurotransmitter system in schizophrenia, this new 5-HT receptor polymorphism was tested for linkage to schizophrenia in 5 Canadian pedigrees. Although 1 of the 5 pedigrees tested had a slightly positive lod score, there was no evidence overall for linkage to schizophrenia under dominant, recessive, or two locus models.
The 2-micron plasmid of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae codes for a site-specific recombinase ('FLP') that efficiently catalyses recombination across the plasmid's two 599 bp repeats both in vivo and in vitro. We have used the partially purified FLP protein to define the minimal duplex DNA sequence required for intra- and intermolecular recombination in vitro. Previous DNase footprinting experiments had shown that FLP protected 50 bp of DNA around the recombination site. We made BAL31 deletions and synthetic FLP sites to show that the minimal length of the site that was able to recombine with a wild-type site was 22 bp. The site consists of two 7 bp inverted repeats surrounding an 8 bp core region. We also showed that the deleted sites recombined with themselves and that one of three 13 bp repeated elements within the FLP target sequence was not necessary for efficient recombination in vitro. Mutants lacking this redundant 13 bp element required a lower amount of FLP recombinase to achieve maximal yield of recombination than the wild type site. Finally, we discuss the structure of the FLP site in relation to the proposed function of FLP recombination in copy number amplification of the 2-micron plasmid in vivo.
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