This case report and literature review aim to explore the range of injuries sustained in the sport of freediving.The case report involves a 37-year-old patient who sustained a pneumothorax secondary to freediving. We conducted the literature review to analyse the injuries associated with freediving. We used the combination of search terms 'freediving", "injuries", and "breath-hold diving" on the database PubMed®. A total of 40 studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. The search revealed a wide range of ophthalmological, pulmonary, neurological, ear, nose, and throat injuries, along with several fatalities.Freediving is a sport performed in extreme environments and, if undertaken by inexperienced, untrained, or competition divers, can lead to severe injury or even death. However, the risk of damage can be reduced by performing it responsibly with the appropriate training and by using proper safety measures. Future research is warranted into the psychological, physiological, and economic benefits of freediving at both individual and community levels.
Pes anserinus bursitis is a differential diagnosis for knee pain, that may be misdiagnosed. Without proper physical examination and thorough history taking, the diagnosis of pes anserinus may be delayed. We present a case report of this condition, involving both primary care and the emergency department. This case illustrates one possible presentation of this condition, and also demonstrates the risks of overreliance on imaging modalities in primary care, without also performing a proper physical examination of musculoskeletal presentations. The teamwork between physiotherapists and clinicians, in this case, highlights the value of a multidisciplinary team in sports medicine. This case report lends evidence that pes anserinus bursitis should be considered as a possible diagnosis for knee pain and emphasises the importance of physical examination.
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