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This paper presents methods to develop metrics that compare Big Deal journal packages and the journals within those packages. Deal-level metrics guide selection of a Big Deal for termination. Journal-level metrics guide selection of individual subscriptions from journals previously provided by a terminated deal. The paper argues that, while the proposed metrics provide helpful quantitative data for comparative analysis, selection of individual subscriptions must also involve informed judgment about a library’s subject coverage needs and alternative sources of access. The paper also discusses how replacing a Big Deal with a reduced number of individual subscriptions may affect the collections budget, use of other resources, and interlibrary loan.

Studies documenting the usage patterns of electronic journals have compared print and e-journal characteristics, surveyed faculty for their perceptions and expectations, and analyzed the impact on library practices. This study, a qualitative exploration of a wide array of issues related to the research and teaching habits of early adopters of e-journals in a research setting, was conducted in the spring of 2001 with faculty in the basic and health sciences at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Open-ended questionnaires provided a framework to wide-ranging discussions of perceptions, expectations, and changing practices pertaining to e-journals and other electronic resources. The results were analyzed with a specific focus on shared behaviors and values, discipline-dependent variations, and changing research and teaching habits. Several challenges for library resources and services are identified and discussed.

This OPAC transaction log analysis study compared data derived from two sets of logs within a six-month period. Analysis of the first set of data revealed that users experienced difficulty with basic searching techniques. The OPAC introductory screens were simplified and clarified to help users improve search success rates. The second set of data, analyzed after screen changes had been made, showed statistically significant differ ences in search results. Regular monitoring of OPACs through transac tion log analysis can lead to improved retrieval when changes are made in response to an analysis of user search patterns.PAC users leave behind them a trail of searches and results that provides evidence of how well they understand and use a sys tem. Can analysis of this trail lead to im proved OPAC use if changes are made in response to observed problems? The in formation an OPAC contains is as crucial as the way the information is presented to users. Introductory screens can affect the way an OPAC is perceived and there fore affect the success of its users. This study is an analysis and comparison of transaction logs within a six-month pe riod at a large public university. The Transaction Logs Task Force, composed of public and technical services librarians, was charged with reviewing OPAC trans action logs to identify librarywide prob lems and issues, monitoring and analyz ing online catalog use, and reporting any suggestions for improvement to the Inte grated Library Systems Advisory Com mittee. Members of the task force were asked to consider potential changes to screens, system features, and instructional programs. The task force analyzed trans action logs of the university's OPAC alongside existing online user aids, evalu ated screen displays, and recommended changes to enhance the system's userfriendliness.

A longitudinal study of four sets of OPAC transaction logs was conducted over a four-year period. Analysis of the initial set of transaction logs revealed problems that users experienced while searching the OPAC. Over time, a series of OPAC screen changes were implemented in an attempt to help searchers improve their searching behavior. After each series of changes, a set of transaction logs was analyzed to assess the impact of the changes and to study whether earlier improvements in searching behavior persisted over time. Although the screen changes initially had a positive impact on searching behavior, in some cases the initial improvements in searching success were not sustained over time. se of transaction log analysis isA previous transaction log analysis an established method of data study conducted by the authors of this collection that provides librarstudy between 1995 and 1996 at the Uni ies a record of users' actual versity of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) com online search experience. Transaction log analysis is an unobtrusive and inexpen sive method that gives an unbiased view of how users navigate the catalog. In 1995, Lynn Silipigni Connaway, John M. Budd, and Thomas R. Kochtanek observed: "There is an underlying assumption that by identifying the needs and behaviors of catalog users, user-centered catalogs can be developed." 1 However, this assumption has not been fully explored. Does transac tion log analysis and subsequent OPAC screen redesign affect changes that result in more successful use of online catalogs? pared two sets of logs within a six-month period. 2Analysis of the first set of data revealed that users experienced difficulty with searching techniques. The OPAC introductory screens were simplified in an attempt to help users improve search success rates. The second set of data, ana lyzed after screen changes had been made, showed statistically significant improvements in searching behavior. Fewer searches resulted in zero postings, were missing the search argument, had the author in incorrect order, or incor rectly included an initial article, whereas 515 College & Research LibrariesNovember 1999 a greater percentage of searches had cor rect syntax. These results were deemed improvements in searching success. The study also established a process and set in place a methodology to review trans action logs regularly and to monitor the effectiveness of any subsequent screen changes, a charge the authors carried out initially as part of a Transaction Logs Task Force and later as a research group.Transaction logs were captured and analyzed at the middle of the semester following each set of screen changes.In the present study, the authors com bined the two sets of data collected dur ing the initial study with two additional sets of data to provide a longitudinal analysis of OPAC transaction logs from 1995 to 1998. The present study was un dertaken with four purposes in mind: to determine whether, after the initial screen changes, improvements in user searching behavior were sustained over tim...

To manage Web-based resources effectively, librarians need to evalu ate vendor-supplied data about their use. This article explores the types of data available, using as its starting point the elements defined by the International Coalition of Library Consortia's (ICOLC) "Guidelines for Statistical Measures of Usage of Web-based Indexed, Abstracted, and Full-text Resources." It discusses the problems and issues of comparing use data from different vendors. Then, illustrated with data from one library, the article addresses five measures that have implications for collection management: variability of ICOLC data elements over time, which demonstrated the need to examine data continually; ratios of que ries per session, which showed more stability over time than individual ICOLC elements; use by hour, which documented remote use but con firmed that most use occurred during regular library hours; use of elec tronic journal collections, which was more scattered than the classic 80/ 20 distribution; and use of Web-based resources in relation to a disci plinary population, which provided an index of value for assessing use of a particular resource. This study identifies aspects of data collection that librarians need to pay special attention to, recommends that ven dors report the maximum number of simultaneous users per day and data gaps in addition to ICOLC elements, and suggests per capita use as a comparative measure among libraries.he proliferation of Web-based resources has greatly increased the information that libraries can deliver to their users' desk tops. These resources have great power and promise but come with substantial cost-the price of licensing them. Elec tronic versions of products often cost more than the print copy, and in most cases, the license allows for only a year of access, whereas the library purchases the print copy outright and can keep it 434

This study investigated contributions to the peer-reviewed library and information science (LIS) journal literature by U.S. academic librarian (USAL) authors over a ten-year period (2003–2012). The results were compared to those of two previous five-year studies that covered the time periods of 1993–1997 and 1998–2002 to examine longitudinal trends. For USAL authors as a group, publication productivity, the proportion of peer-reviewed articles contributed to the LIS literature, and sole-authorship declined. Among USALs who did publish, productivity patterns remained similar over twenty years, with a slight increase in the percentage of USAL authors who published three or more articles in five years. The top twenty high-publication libraries from 2003 to 2012 were from public research universities, unlike two earlier studies that found private university libraries among the top twenty.

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