In most trials, nasal obstruction was not related to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), indicating no improvement in OSAS with reduction in nasal resistance. However, few researchers evaluated other polysomnography indices, such as the arousal index and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep percentage. These could change with nasal obstruction, since it is possible that the nasal obstruction does not completely block the upper airways, but can increase negative intrathoracic pressure, leading to sleep fragmentation.

No abstract

No abstract

Objectives Understanding the role of certain salivary components, such as TNF-⍺, IL-6, IL-10, lactoferrin, lysozyme, IgG, IgA, and IgM, in airway defense during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is essential. The salivary immune barrier of patients with COVID-19 may play a role in their prognosis. The present study aims to evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on saliva composition. Methods A longitudinal study was carried out with male and female firefighters aged 24 to 48 years. The study sample (n=34) was divided into 3 groups: asymptomatic volunteers with a negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for SARS-CoV-2 (group 1, Control, n=21); patients with symptoms of COVID-19 of less than 7 days’ duration and a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection by PCR (group 2, COVID-19, n=13); and recovered patients from group 2 who were free of COVID-19 symptoms for at least 2 months (group 3, post-COVID-19 recovery, n=13). All groups underwent real-time PCR to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2, as well as analysis of the salivary concentrations of TNF-⍺, IL-6, IL-10, lactoferrin, lysozyme, IgG, IgA, and IgM by the ELISA method. Results Lactoferrin concentrations were significantly decreased in the infected group (COVID-19) when compared to those not infected by SARS-CoV-2 (control) (p=0.032). IgA concentrations were decreased in the COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 groups compared to the control group (p=0.005 and p=0.016, respectively). Comparison of the COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 groups also revealed an increase in IgM concentrations during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (p=0.010). Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 alters the composition of the salivary immune barrier.

No abstract

No abstract

Introduction The sleep instability can increase the impact of several sleep disorders. The chronic rhinosinusitis leads to sleep fragmentation, and changes in systemic inflammatory biomarkers followed by upper airway flow limitation or nasal mucosa inflammation near the skull base. To evaluate the effect of sleep dysruption in chronic rhinosinusitis patients with nasal polyps using CAP analyses, this study aimed to analyse these patients before and after the anti-inflammatory effect of intranasal corticosteroids on nasal obstruction. Methods After two months of washout, thirty individuals with nasal polyps and sleep-disordered breathing used intranasal budesonide 400 mcg every day for one month. Before and after the treatment, they underwent the same exams: nasal endoscopy, subjective nasal resistance scores, fatigue severity scale, and Epworth sleepiness scale. Besides, T helper-two inflammation was measured by serum levels of eosinophils, interleukin-four and five. Intermittent hypoxia impact was documented using serum levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Type 1 polysomnography was performed. It was scored according to the last manual of AASM and Terzano’s rules. The nonparametric Wilcoxon test was used to assess within-group differences before and after exposure to corticosteroids. Correlation between quantitative variables was analyzed by using the Spearman correlation coeficient, and p< 0.05 was statistically significant. Results All the participants had sleep' fragmentation in non-REM sleep. The treatment decreased the subjective nasal obstruction (p<0.005) and IL-5 levels (p<0.05), without significant impact on other biomarkers, nasal endoscopy results, fatigue or somnolence scales, and sleep architecture. Interestingly, the subtypes of phase A of CAP weren′t statistically significant (p>0.05) decreased compared two groups (before and after treatment). Conclusion The anti-inflammatory effects of intranasal corticosteroid decreased the nasal resistance and Th2 systemic inflammation without any changes in sleep fragmentation, highlighting. Terzano’s manual quantifies the sleep fragmentation using the cyclic alternating pattern, and it can be a sensitive electroencephalogram analysis of the non-NREM sleep described as a marker of sleep instability, however the analyse of phase A subtypes CAP did not show changes sleep disruption in patients with nasal polyps after their treatment of nasal mucosa inflammation. More studies are need to clarify the sleep complaints in these patients. Support (If Any)

No abstract