The intercalation reaction of polyoxyethylene sulfate (PEGS) with Mg-Al-nitrate [Mg-Al-NO3] layered double hydroxide (LDH) was investigated by using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray diffractograms showed that the basal spacing of the [Mg-Al-NO 3] LDH with PEGS as the intergallery anion expanded from 0.89 to 2.37 nm to form [Mg-Al-(PEGS)], but no expansion of the basal spacing was observed when poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) reacted with [Mg-Al-NO3]. The characteristic absorption bands of the organic anion in the infrared spectra were obtained after prolonged treatment with deionized water, demonstrating the stability of the intercalation compounds. Furthermore, TEM analysis revealed that [Mg-Al-NO 3], which consisted of hexagonal particles approximately 100-120 nm in length, changed into monodisperse rigid spheres approximately 200 nm in diameter after the intercalation of PEGS.
ABSTRACT:The terpolymer of disodium itaconate (DIA), acrylamide (AM) and sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonate (SAMPS) was synthesized through freeradical polymerization, and characterized using FTIR and TGA methods. The IR spectra of DIA-AM-SAMPS terpolymer confirmed that there was no olefinic band at 1635-1620 cm Ϫ1 , while the TGA results revealed that the terpolymer was of higher thermal stability than the SAMPS homopolymer. The filtrate volume reduced with increase of the terpolymer concentration before or after the aging test. The rheology properties of both fresh-water mud and salt-water mud were improved by DIA-AM-SAMPS terpolymer, and apparent viscosity ( a ); plastic viscosity ( b ) and yield point ( 0 ) of salt-water mud reached the smallest values at 1.2% of the terpolymer concentration after the aging test. The particle size data demonstrated that only a small change of the clay particle size occurred before and after the aging test at 220°C. This further confirmed the thermal stability of the terpolymer-clay dispersion from another point of view.
A leaching solution of white mud was prepared from this waste material of soda production, and used for treatment of waste cutting oil emulsion. In alkaline conditions, the leaching solution of white mud generates hydroxide precipitates, which have relatively high specific surface area and excess surface energy, and readily adsorb the pollutants in waste cutting oil emulsion. The chemical composition of the white mud was determined and the hydroxide precipitates were characterized. The maximum removal efficiency (of turbidity, oil contents and TOC) was obtained at an adsorbent dosage of 4.0 g/L, pH 12.0 and 25°C. Leaching solutions of white mud could be used as an effective and low-cost material for treatment of waste cutting oil emulsion by the precipitation method.
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