Identificação e caracterização do consumidor de leite bovino e derivados lácteos. Identification and characterization of bovine milk consumer and milk derivatives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the ruminal fermentation and degradation parameters, the kinetic flow of digesta in the gastrointestinal tract, and the milk fatty acid (FA) profile in Holstein x Gyr cows fed 59% sugarcane silage-based diets with 0% (control), 5%, 10% and 15% whole cottonseed (WCS) on a dry matter (DM) basis. Four rumen-cannulated cows with an average milk yield of 14.4±3.3 kg day-1 and 85±25 days in milk were allocated in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. There was no effect of dietary WCS levels on the intake of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and nonfibrous carbohydrates, but there was a linear increase in the intake of ether extract (EE). There was no treatment effect on the apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE and NDF or on the ruminal degradability parameters for DM and NDF of sugarcane silage. Also, no treatment effects were observed on rumen pH, ruminal and postruminal particulate passage rates or on the rate of passage of the fluids in the rumen. WCS promoted linear reductions in the milk fat contents of lauric, myristic and palmitic acids and linear increases in the milk fat contents of stearic, oleic, trans-10 C18:1 and elaidic acids. The milk fat contents of vaccenic, rumenic, linoleic and ?-linolenic acids were unaffected by WCS supplementation. The inclusion of up to 15% WCS in sugarcane silage-based diets did not alter the digestibility of nutrients, the rumen degradability of the fiber, or the kinetic flow of digesta in the gastrointestinal tract of Holstein x Gyr cows but improved the nutritional quality of milk fat through an increase in the content of oleic acid, which is beneficial to human health, and decreased levels of hypercholesterolemic lauric, myristic and palmitic acids.
Com o objetivo de avaliar a produção e composição do leite foram utilizadas quatro vacas lactantes multíparas Holandês x Zebu com média de 70 dias em lactação, 488 kg de peso corporal alimentadas com diferentes níveis de caroço de algodão adicionados em dieta á base de silagem de cana-de-açúcar e concentrado composto de milho e farelo de algodão. Os tratamentos consistiram de quatro dietas com inclusão de níveis crescentes de caroço de algodão (5, 10 e 15%) na matéria seca da dieta. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o quadrado latino 4x4. Os resultados demonstram que a suplementação com caroço de algodão não alterou a eficiência da produção de leite (EfPL, kg leite/CMS), concentração de energia líquida (EL) e a relação proteína:gordura (RPG) no leite, contudo foi capaz de alterar a produção de leite corrigida (PLcorr) e a porcentagem do teor de lactose. Os dados do presente trabalho sugerem que utilizar suplementação com caroço de algodão na dieta de vacas leiteiras, mantém a qualidade do leite produzido e conseqüentemente é uma alternativa alimentar sustentável para os sistemas de produção de leite. Palavras-chave: Confinamento, nutrição animal, ruminantes, subprodutos DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2011v32Suplp2001 AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the production and milk composition of four multiparous HolsteinZebu lactating cows average 70 days of lactation, 488 kg of body weight fed different levels of whole cottonseed will be added to sugarcane silage and concentrate consisting of corn and cottonseed meal. The treatments consisted of four diets with increasing levels of whole cottonseed (5, 10 and 15%) in the diet dry matter. The experimental design was a 4x4 Latin Square. The results demonstrate that supplementation with cottonseed did not affect the efficiency of milk production (EfMP, kg milk / DMI), concentration of net energy (NE) and protein: fat ratio (PFR) in milk, but was able to change corrected milk production (MPcorr) and the percentage of lactose content. The data from this study suggest that using supplemental whole cottonseed in the diet of dairy cows, maintaining the quality of milk produced and consequently is an alternative for sustainable food systems for milk production.
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This study aimed to understand the epidemiology of the main gastrointestinal endoparasites affecting sheep raised in the municipality of Sena Madureira, Acre, Brazil. A total of 178 fecal samples were collected from sheep raised in an extensive system of 10 farms. The samples were grouped into lambs, ewe lambs, lambing ewes, ewes, and rams for laboratory analysis by the flotation technique for counting eggs per gram of feces (EGF), oocysts of Eimeria sp., and presence of eggs of Moniezia sp. The analyzed variables consisted of the prevalence of nematodes, cestodes, and coccidia and intensity of strongylid and coccidium infection by quantification (mean ± SE) of eggs and oocysts. Prevalence data were compared by the chi-square test and intensity of infection (mean ± SE) by the Scott-Knott test (SAEG 9.1), both with P < 0.05. The overall prevalence was 77.6%, reaching 64.15% for strongylids, 36.2% for coccidia, and 8.81% for cestodes (Moniezia sp.). Ewes had the lowest prevalence (52.5%), while lambs had a prevalence of 95.5%, not differing from the others (P < 0.05). The intensity of infection by nematodes showed that lambs had the highest EGF compared to ewes, with values of 1297±270 and 232±79, respectively. The categories lambing ewes, ewes, and rams presented an average EGF below what is indicated for treatment with drugs. The highest intensity of infection was observed for ewe lambs (5859±3648), exceeding acceptable rates. Sheep raised in Sena Madureira has a high prevalence for verminosis by strongylids and a low prevalence for coccidiosis and cestodiasis. Young animal categories present a high health risk for endoparasitoses, and management measures that collaborate with the prophylaxis and control of these diseases should be adopted.
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