Purpose
This study aims to assess the nexus between perceived overqualification (POQ), anger, knowledge hiding, cyberloafing and harmonious passion (HP).
Design/methodology/approach
The authors obtained 264 responses from two public traded firms in Pakistan using a supervisor-subordinated nested design and a multi-time data collecting strategy using convenience sampling.
Findings
The study results indicate that POQ positively affects knowledge hiding and cyberloafing. The authors also found anger as a potential mediator in the direct association between POQ and cyberloafing. In addition, the findings suggest that the association between POQ, knowledge hiding and cyberloafing will be weak when individuals exhibit HP towards their job roles. The results of this research, when considered as a whole, provided support for all of the hypothesised direct and indirect linkages, which has important ramifications for both theory and practise.
Research limitations/implications
This study has both theoretical and practical implications. Grounded on equity theory and relative deprivation theory, this paper asserts that HP should be used to decrease POQ affect. According to the authors, pro-environment employee actions may help build a pro-environment workplace culture as well as a pro-environment sense of responsibility, both of which can help to achieve significant pro-environment results.
Originality/value
This study builds on and fills in the gaps left by earlier research to better aid organisational researchers, practitioners and stakeholders in understanding how POQ, rage, information concealing, cyberloafing and harmonic passion interact with one another.
The aim of this study was to study the diversified income, its contribution and the effect of income of the households in Shangla district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data were collected from 323 households through face to face interviews with the help of a structured questionnaire. The empirical evidence shows that among the farm sources of livelihood the crop and livestock activities of the household were diversified and have been increased. The adoption of latest seed technologies of maize and wheat had increased the productivity and hence income of the farm households. The sample respondents had also diversified livestock activities. Average income from crop was Rs. 65,350 per annum per household based on total household. While its contribution to total income was 15.08%. Diversification was observed mainly in non-farm income sources. The overall non-farm income contribution to the total income after diversification was 69.40% and the average income was Rs. 300,811 per household per annum income. The contribution of total income from farm sources was decreased by 10.03% after the diversification of income. Agriculture to non-agriculture ratio decrease to 0.4408 after the diversification of income. Average income from the farm sources decreased while from non-farm sources increased. From all sources of income the change was Rs. 1,80,812 per annum per household. But the contribution of non-farm sources was more than the farm sources of income to the total household income. It was concluded from the findings that diversification had increased the household income. The area lack in development compared with other areas of the province. The study recommends further improvements in both the farm and non-farm sources of income for sustainable livelihood and this can be done by investing more in the productive capitals of the rural households.
Improper plant stand and the unavailability of high yielding cultivars under drought-stress conditions are the major constraints responsible for the low yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in NWFP (Northwest Frontier Province), Peshawar, Pakistan. Plots sown with the seeding rate of 80 kg ha À1 resulted in the maximum number of spikes m À2 (130), grains spike À1 (43), biological (5337 kg ha À1 ) and grain yield (2285 kg ha À1 ) of wheat. The tallest plants were observed in the plots of the low seeding rate of 40 and 80 kg ha À1 . The heaviest seeds were noted in the plots seeded at the rate of 120 kg ha À1 but were significantly not different from the weight of the plots sown with the seeding rate of 80 kg ha À1 . The variety Haider-2000 ranked first under drought-stress conditions at Peshawar by producing the maximum grain yield (2385 kg ha À1 ), plant height (103 cm), spikes m À2 (129), grains spike À1 (44), and thousand seed weight (42.49 g). It can be concluded from the experiment that the growing wheat variety Haider-2000 at seeding rates of 80 kg ha À1 produced the maximum yield and net returns under the drought-stress conditions of NWFP.
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