Improper plant stand and the unavailability of high yielding cultivars under drought-stress conditions are the major constraints responsible for the low yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in NWFP (Northwest Frontier Province), Peshawar, Pakistan. Plots sown with the seeding rate of 80 kg ha À1 resulted in the maximum number of spikes m À2 (130), grains spike À1 (43), biological (5337 kg ha À1 ) and grain yield (2285 kg ha À1 ) of wheat. The tallest plants were observed in the plots of the low seeding rate of 40 and 80 kg ha À1 . The heaviest seeds were noted in the plots seeded at the rate of 120 kg ha À1 but were significantly not different from the weight of the plots sown with the seeding rate of 80 kg ha À1 . The variety Haider-2000 ranked first under drought-stress conditions at Peshawar by producing the maximum grain yield (2385 kg ha À1 ), plant height (103 cm), spikes m À2 (129), grains spike À1 (44), and thousand seed weight (42.49 g). It can be concluded from the experiment that the growing wheat variety Haider-2000 at seeding rates of 80 kg ha À1 produced the maximum yield and net returns under the drought-stress conditions of NWFP.
Hussain, Z., Leitch, M. H. (2005). The effect of applied sulphur on the growth, grain yield and control of powdery mildew in spring wheat. Annals of Applied Biology, 47, (1), 49-56. Sponsorship: Ministry of Education, Government of PakistanDuring the years 1998 and 1999, two field experiments were conducted at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK, to test the effects of soil- and foliar-applied sulphur (S) in spring wheat. S was applied at 0, 20, 40, 60 kg ha?1 in 1998 and at 60 kg ha?1 in 1999, using CaSO4 as a source for the soil application and micronised S (Thiovit, 80%), with and without an organosilicone adjuvant, as a source for the foliar application. Senescence was retarded and grain yield was increased in 1998, following application of foliar S in conjunction with the organosilicone adjuvant. Application of foliar S was associated with a reduction in the level of mildew (Erysiphe graminis) recorded on the upper leaves and ears of the canopy. In 1999, grain yield was unaffected by treatments. A low level of mildew in the crop, particularly on the ears, is thought to be the reason for the lack of response in spite of the fact that senescence was retarded with foliar S application. A combined application of foliar S and commercial fungicide (cyproconazole) to the crop appeared to be more effective at controlling mildew than either S or fungicide applied alone. The study shows that there may be a role for S in a low-input/organic wheat production system, where there is a need to reduce artificial inputs.Peer reviewe
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