An analysis of the role of attribution in major illness and serious injury is presented. Evidence reviewed includes the impact of illness variables on attributions, the association between attributions and adjustment to illness, and the proposed mechanisms of this association. Illness and injury characteristics such as severity and time since diagnosis appear to relate to attributional activity and content, but the association between attributions and psychological or physical adjustment is weak. Overall, it would appear that the attribution construct can describe individuals' reactions to life-threatening illness or injury. However, the utility of attribution in understanding the processes involved in adjustment to illness has not yet been demonstrated.

No abstract

Twenty-three behaviors among those suggested in the literature to be associated with sexual abuse were studied in 195 girls, ages 2-18 years, who were consecutive admissions to three Midwestern mental health agencies. Results indicated that sexually inappropriate behaviors, sleep disturbance, depressed mood, and delinquent behavior occurred more frequently in young abuse victims than in clinic comparisons. Sexually inappropriate behaviors and running away appeared more often in older sexually abused girls, than they appeared in older clinic comparisons. These comparisons of the presenting problems of sexually abused and nonabused girls suggested there are few behavioral "markers" of sexual abuse in clinical samples and that sexual abuse may not be a unique contributing factor in the ontogeny of childhood psychopathology.

The Sexual Arousability Index (SAI) assesses self-reported sexual arousal in women and was administered on four occasions to a group of normal sexually active women (n = 57) and to another group undergoing surgical gynecologic treatment (n = 66) that resulted in a predictable and clinical level of sexual dysfunction. These data were used for a psychometric analysis of the SAI. In terms of reliability, internal consistency estimates were in the .92-.96 range, and 4-month test-retest reliabilities ranged from .74 to .90. An evaluation of validity revealed both strengths and limitations of the SAI. The content analysis indicated that at least six domains are sampled, including seduction activities, body caressing, oral-genital and genital stimulation, intercourse, masturbation, and erotic media. To examine construct validity, we conducted a factor analysis that revealed a five-factor solution accounting for 85% of the variance. Furthermore, the factor solution was stable across groups and time, and the factors were sensitive to the occurrence of important behavior changes. The SAI, like other psychological measures, was poor in predicting a criterion (i.e., the occurrence of inhibited sexual excitement) concurrently or at the time of follow-up.

No abstract