The present study provides an overview of the latest scientific developments in the field of application and modification of ion exchange sorbents and membranes made of granular and powdery polyvinyl chloride (PVC), focusing on some scientific works, such as water and wastewater treatment, ion exchange, gas separation, etc. For this purpose, an introduction to the various methods of modifying PVC is first given, and then the application of ion exchange sorbents and membrane is discussed. Methods of modification of PVC under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions using modifiers containing N, S, and O atoms are also described. Various ion-exchange sorbents and membranes based on PVC, methods for modifying PVC and the use of the obtained ion-exchange sorbents and membranes are viewed. A comparison of the sorption properties of ion-exchange sorbents based on PVC and sorbents used in industry has also been carried out.

Chemical modification of plasticized polyvinylchloride with polyethylenepolyamine leads to anion exchange resin (PPE-1). Different characterization techniques, such as XRD, FTIR, and SEM of PPE-1 anion exchanger revealed weak base amino groups as well as macroporous structure morphology. PPE-1 turned out effective to remove hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous media. Corresponding adsorption kinetics best fit the pseudo-second order model that followed a Freundlich isotherm. In the case of hexavalent chromium ions, the maximum adsorption capacity of PPE-1 was 218.4 mg/g. Thermodynamic data revealed spontaneous endothermic processes and a chemisorption reaction. In addition, results show that the anion exchanger (PPE-1) has 98% for removing hexavalent chromium ions containing from wastewater.

No abstract

In this article, we studied the process of obtaining nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐containing polyampholyte by chemical modification of sulphocation exchanger. Which is synthesized based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC), with polyethylenepolyamine. Besides, the PVC and synthesized ion exchange resins were characterized using different tools such as FT‐IR, scanning electron microscope, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray. Moreover, the synthesized polyampholyte was used as effective adsorbents for removing Co (II) and Cr (III) ions from aqueous solutions. The Freundlich isotherm and the pseudo‐second order kinetic model were more consistent with the removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions. In the case of Co (II) and Cr (III), the maximum adsorption capacity was 3.45 and 3.97 mmol g−1, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters of the sorption process of metal ions such as free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔН), and entropy (ΔS) of the system were calculated. Furthermore, we find that the adsorption processes were spontaneous and chemisorption.

No abstract

It is a challenge to achieve the harmless treatment and resourceful use of various metal elements in electroplating sludge, and converting them into functional materials has become an important technological direction. Based on the existence of various metal ions in electroplating sludge, sodium oleate intercalated Zn−Cr‐LDHs (Zn−Cr‐layered double hydroxides) were prepared by two‐phase solution heating method. The adsorption process of the prepared LDHs for Congo red (CR) in aqueous solution can be described by Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and the maximum adsorption capacity is 2750.43 mg/g. The results of TEM and XPS show that the adsorption mechanism is dominated by electrostatic adsorption, ion exchange process, hydrogen bonding interaction and surface complexation. Therefore, this paper provides a strategy for recovering metal elements from electroplating sludge to prepare LDHs adsorption materials with ultra‐high adsorption capacity.

Chromium pollution of water is one of the severest environmental challenges threatening human health. Anion exchange material on the based polyvinylchloride have been demonstrated effective in dichromate ions removal. To study the structure morphology of the PPE-2 anion exchanger different characterization techniques such as XRD, FTIR, and SEM were applied. Moreover, the synthesized anion exchanger PPE-2 was used as effective removal for hexavalent chromium ions in aqueous media. The pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order used to evaluate the kinetic models and the mechanism of the adsorption. Results showed that the adsorption kinetics best fit the pseudo-second order model. The Freundlich isotherm and the pseudo-second order kinetic model were more consistent with the removal of ions from aqueous solutions. In the case of hexavalent chromium ions, the maximum adsorption capacity was 148,4 mg/g. Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) free energy of adsorption (ED) energy values were >16 kJ/mol which indicates chemical interaction between ion exchange material and Cr (VI) ions. Thermodynamic data revealed spontaneous endothermic processes and was a chemisorption reaction. In addition, results show that the anion exchanger (PPE-2) has high efficiency for removing hexavalent chromium ions from wastewater containing.

No abstract