Abstract:The goal of this survey study was to understand pastoralist attitudes toward sustainable integrated rangeland management (SIRM) in Tehran province, Iran. Using multi-stage stratified random sampling, 1280 pastroralists participated in the study. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. A panel of experts approved the content validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of the questionnaire. Results revealed that most of the pastoralists held a positive attitude toward teamwork and collaborative behavior. Moreover, regression analysis indicated that education level, attitudes toward other pastoralists, teamwork and collaboration with administrative officials, significantly affected pastoralist attitudes toward SIRM.Furthermore, path analysis showed that attitude to other pastoralists indirectly affects attitudes toward SIRM and collaboration with administrative officials. This study concluded that if sustainable rangeland management is a goal, human factors should be considered as a key element.2
Determining an appropriate forestry extension model remains as a major challenge if sustainable forest management is a goal. This article was an attempt to show how the analytical hierarchy process can effectively be helpful in selecting appropriate model for forestry extension. The results revealed that the present situation fails to regard the 'privatized extension' as an appropriate model for the Zagros area in Iran. The results also showed while the beneficiaries select 'cooperative extension system' as the most appropriate model, it has no tangible difference with 'public extension system' as the 1 Corresponding author. Email: hossein.azadi@ugent.be, Phone: +32 (0)9 264 46 95, Fax: +32 (0)9 264 49 85. 2 second preferred option. Accordingly, a hybrid forestry extension model was recommended as an appropriate model.
Since 1996, several Forest Resources Management Plans (FRMPs) have been launched by the Iranian government in order to approach sustainable forest management in the Zagros area in west and south-west Iran. This survey study aimed at providing some policy recommendations in order to launch more successful FRMPs. Using a proportional cluster random sampling method, the data were collected from 208 forestdwellers (beneficiaries) and 90 practitioners. The results showed that the FRMPs are far from being satisfactory. There are several reasons for this failure. First, the financial resources allocated to these plans are being used for other purposes. Second, the inputs and supplies needed for effective forest management interventions are not in place in a 1 Corresponding author. Email: hossein.azadi@ugent.be, Phone: +32 (0)9 264 46 95, Fax: +32 (0)9 264 49 85. 2 timely manner. Third, the forest management in the area is far from being decentralized.Both the beneficiaries and practitioners believe that the forest-dwellers play a weak role in the forest management interventions. Factor analysis revealed that three factors which are influencing the Zagros management effectiveness are "the management capabilities of the forest-dwellers", "the professional capabilities of the practitioners in forest management", and "the public support for the forest-dwellers". Also, the correlation analysis revealed that all the three factors are positively and significantly associated with the success of the government's forestry programs. Accordingly, the main recommendation of this study was to reformulate the forest management policies in the Zagros area by highlighting participatory approaches, not only as a tool, but also as a goal in the FRMPs.
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