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Trabalho e educação em saúde no Brasil: tendências da produção científica entre 1990-2010Work and education in health in Brazil: trends in scientific output between Resumo O

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the association between the health services offered by primary care teams and the detection of new tuberculosis cases in Brazil.METHODSThis was an ecological study covering all Brazilian municipalities that registered at least one new tuberculosis case (diagnosed between 2012 to 2014 and notified in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases) and with at least one primary care team evaluated by the second cycle of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB). The variables of the PMAQ-AB were classified as proximal or distal, according to their relation with the tuberculosis diagnosis. Then, they were tested hierarchically in multiple models (adjusted by States) using negative binomial regression.RESULTSAn increase of 10% in the primary health care coverage was associated with a decrease of 2.24% in the tuberculosis detection rate (95%CI -3.35– -1.11). Regarding the proximal variables in relation to diagnosis, in the multiple model, the detection of tuberculosis was associated with the proportion of teams that conduct contact investigation (increase in Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR] = 2.97%, 95%CI 2.41–3.53), carry out tuberculosis active case finding (increase in IRR = 2.17%, 95%CI 1.48–2.87), and request culture for mycobacteria (increase in IRR = 1.87%, 95%CI 0.98–2.76).CONCLUSIONSThe variables related to the search actions were positively associated with the detection of new tuberculosis cases, which suggests a significant contribution to the strengthening of the sensitivity of the surveillance system. On the other hand, primary care coverage was inversely associated with the tuberculosis detection rate, which could represent the overall effect of the primary care on transmission control, probably from the identification and early treatment of cases.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a satisfação de usuários em relação ao acesso, à infraestrutura e à qualidade dos serviços na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com dados de 114.615 usuários vinculados a 30.523 equipes de saúde, obtidos por meio do banco de dados do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB). Foram estudadas variáveis independentes relacionadas ao acesso, à infraestrutura e à qualidade dos serviços na APS. O desfecho, satisfação dos usuários, foi mensurado através das variáveis: “se tivesse a opção, mudaria de equipe ou de serviço de saúde” e “recomendaria este serviço de saúde para um amigo ou familiar”. Para avaliar a satisfação de acordo com as variáveis independentes de exposição, foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, considerando nível de significância de 5%. Análises descritivas das variáveis foram realizadas através de frequências absoluta (n) e relativa (%). RESULTADOS: A satisfação dos usuários esteve associada às variáveis de acesso (p < 0,001), infraestrutura (p < 0,001) e qualidade dos serviços (p < 0,001) na APS. A proximidade do serviço, atenção à demanda espontânea, escuta e o respeito dos profissionais às singularidades do paciente, assim como a resolutividade dos serviços, sem necessidade de encaminhamentos para outros e a boa infraestrutura, estiveram relacionados com a satisfação dos usuários. CONCLUSÃO: Para a garantia da melhoria da qualidade dos serviços ofertados na APS do Brasil, os aspectos de satisfação dos usuários identificados no presente estudo devem ser considerados na organização e gestão dos serviços.

The scope of this article is to analyze the characteristics of scientific literature on work and education in health in Brazil from 1990 to 2010. A synthetic study was conducted from abstracts published in Brazilian journal articles selected from the SCIELO and LILACS databases. Five hundred and thirty-two articles were selected, categorized according to their origin, year of publication, theme, and type of study. The publication of these scientific articles increased during the period analyzed, particularly from 2007 onwards. The main areas researched were education and training of health professionals, and the majority of works in these areas examine curriculum reform, methods of learning and teaching, and teaching in-service experiences. Besides these issues, others questions were addressed such as the labor market configuration and trends in health, and characteristics of the work process in several areas, like primary healthcare units. It was also observed that there are only a small number of studies related to policy, planning and management of work in public and private health institutions, as well as a scarcity of studies presenting reflections on theoretical and conceptual aspects of this theme.

PurposeIn 2011, Brazil introduced a national pay-for-performance (P4P) scheme called the National Program for Improving Primary Health Care Access and Quality (PMAQ), rolled out over three cycles and reaching more than 5,000 municipalities and 40,000 family health teams (FHTs). There is little evidence on how the PMAQ was implemented locally and whether this variation in implementation affects performance, particularly, in terms of work process indicators. This study compared different cases of municipal-level PMAQ implementation (bonuses paid or not to FHTs) over the last two program cycles to analyze the quality of the work processes, actions and services of FHTs.Design/methodology/approachThis was a cross-sectional analytical study using secondary data from an external evaluation of the Brazilian PMAQ. In total, 27,500 FHTs participated in the evaluation. They were divided into four clusters based on whether or not municipalities paid bonuses to workers during cycles 2 and 3 of the program (2013–2019). Variables regarding work processes, actions and services were classified as “Quality Assurance – QA” or “Continued Quality Improvement – CQI”, and an individual score was assigned based on the average score of each variable.FindingsThe four clusters displayed an increase in overall QA and CQI scores between the two program cycles; though this increase was small between the set of primary health care teams that received bonuses and those that did not.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to bridging the gap in the scientific literature for evaluative studies on the relationship between direct payment for performance to health professionals and better quality actions and services in low and middle-income countries.