Thin films of tungsten-doped vanadium(IV) oxide were prepared on glass substrates from the atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition of vanadium(IV) chloride, tungsten-(VI) ethoxide, and water at 500-600 °C. The films were characterized by Raman microscopy, glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Rutherford backscattering (RBS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vis/IR reflectancetransmittance. The films showed a reduction in thermochromic transition temperatures from 68 °C in VO 2 to 42 °C in V 0.99 W 0.01 O 2 sapproaching that required for commercial use as an intelligent window coating.

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TiO 2 coated surfaces are increasingly studied for their ability to inactivate microorganisms.The activity of glass coated with thin films of TiO 2 , CuO and hybrid CuO/TiO 2 prepared by atmospheric Chemical Vapour Deposition (Ap-CVD) and TiO 2 prepared by a sol-gel process was investigated using the inactivation of bacteriophage T4 as a model for inactivation of viruses. The chemical oxidising activity was also determined by measuring stearic acid oxidation. The results showed that the rate of inactivation of bacteriophage T4 increased with increasing chemical oxidising activity with the maximum rate obtained on highly active sol-gel preparations. However these were delicate and easily damaged unlike the Ap-CVD coatings. Inactivation rates were highest on CuO and CuO/TiO 2 which had the lowest chemical oxidising activities. The inactivation of T4 was higher than that of Escherichia coli on low activity surfaces. The combination of photocatalysis and toxicity of copper acted synergistically to inactivate bacteriophage T4 and retained some selfcleaning activity. The presence of phosphate ions slowed inactivation but NaCl had no effect. The results show that TiO 2 /CuO coated surfaces are highly antiviral and may have applications in the food and healthcare industries.