1993. Reduced survival and fitness in native bivalves in response to fouling by the introduced zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in western bake Erie. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50: 13-1 9.Fouling by the recently established zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) causes differential effects among bivalve communities. In 3-rno experiments and surveys conducted in western Lake Erie during 1998, two native bivalves, hampsilis radiata and Amblema plicata, showed consistent differences in mortality and biochemical indices of fitness in response to fouling by D. polymorpha. LampsiBis radiata was very sensitive to fouling, experiencing high mortality and reduced fitness in experiments and natural populations. In field experiments, female L. radiata suffered higher mortality and lower fitness than males. Amblema plicata was less sensitive to fouling; fitness was reduced in experimentally fouled A. plicata, but mortality and fitness in natural populations were not affected by B. polymorpha. Six species of native bivalves showed marked differences in mortality rates at three sites surveyed in western Lake Eriee. Mortality was higher in the subfamilies Anodontinae and Lampsilinae (including k. radiata) than in Amblerninae (including A. plicata) at all three sites, suggesting that differences in life history strategy and shell morphology among subfamilies may be responsible for differential responses to fouling. These data suggest that fouling by D. polymorpha will result in profound changes in native bivalve community structure.L'envahissement par des populations recemment etablies de la dreissena polymorphe (Drehsewa polymorpha) exerce differents effets sur les communaut$s indighes de bivalves. Lors de releves dans la partie ouest du lac h i e et d'exp6ience d'une duree de 3 mo, en 1990, on a montre que deux bivalves indigenes, harnpsilis radiata et Amblema plicata, manifestaient constamment des differences dans le taux de mortalit4 et dans les indicateurs biochimiques de sante par suite de I'envahissement par D. polymorpha. harnpsilis radiata etait tres sensible A cet envahissement : aer cours d'experiences et dans des populations naturelles, la mortalit6 etait Clevee et la sante moins bonne. Au cours des experiences sur le terrain, la mortalit6 etait plus 6levCe et la santC moins bonne chez les femelles que chez Bes msles de k. radiata. Amblema plicata s'est r6veIe &re moins sensible a l'envahissement : la santC Ctait moins bonne chez les sujets de A. plicata experimentalement sournis A un envahissement, mais la mortalit6 et la sante des populations naturelles n'ont pas et# affectees par D. polyrnorpha. On a observe des differences marquCes dans les taux de mortalit4 chez six espgces de bivalves indiggnes A trois stations de la partie ouest du (ac hie. La rnortalite Ctait supkrieure dans les sous-familles des Anodontinae et des Lampsilinae (y compris h. radiata) que chez les Amblerninae (y compris A. plicata) aux trois stations; cela pourrait signifier que des diffCrences, entre les sous-families, dans les cycle biologique...
used to assay the recent energetic importance of lagoons to M. alfredi; high-resolution tracking data provided information about how M. alfredi utilised lagoonal habitats over long and short time periods; acoustic cameras logged patterns of animal entrances and departures from lagoons; and photo identification/laser photogrammetry provided some insight into why they may be using this habitat. M. alfredi showed strong evidence of energetic dependence on lagoon resources during the course of the study and spent long periods of residence within lagoons or frequently transited into them from elsewhere. While within lagoons, they demonstrated affinities for particular structural features within this habitat and showed evidence of temporal patterning in habitat utilization. This work sheds light on how and why M. alfredi uses lagoons and raises questions about how this use may be altered in disturbed settings. More generally, these observations contribute to our knowledge of how to assess the ecological importance of particular habitats situated within the broader home range of mobile consumers.Abstract Quantifying the ecological importance of individual habitats to highly mobile animals is challenging because patterns of habitat reliance for these taxa are complex and difficult to observe. We investigated the importance of lagoons to the manta ray, Manta alfredi, a wide-ranging and vulnerable species in a less-disturbed atoll ecosystem. lagoons are highly sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance and are known to be ecologically important to a wide variety of mobile species. We used a novel combination of research tools to examine the reliance of M. alfredi on lagoon habitats. Stable isotope analysis was
1. We used allozyme electrophoresis to compare Bythotrephes longimanus (Crustacea: Onychopoda: Cercopagididae) from recently founded North American populations with those from native European populations, and to examine changes in genetic structure of North American populations over time. 2. The genetic structure of North American populations in 1996 was similar to that of European populations, because of the disappearance of founder effects which distinguished North American from European populations in 1989. 3. The Lake Ladoga, Russia population was more closely related to North American populations than to other European populations, consistent with non‐genetic evidence implicating Lake Ladoga as the source of North American populations. 4. Our results provide additional evidence of the presence of an invasion corridor that allows Urasian and Ponto‐Caspian species to be introduced into North American freshwater ecosystems, and show that founder effects can erode over time following establishment of invasive species.
Bythotrephes cederstroemi, a Palearctic cladoceran (Crustacea) zooplankter, has recently invaded all of
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