Abstract:The study was conducted to assess the characteristics and socio economic activities of the local communities living along Nguru wetlands of Yobe state, Nigeria. Three towns situated along the wetlands namely Nguru, Kakori and Dogon Kuka all in Nguru Local Government Area of Yobe state, Nigeria were selected for the study. A total of 197 respondents from among the local communities participated in the study. Descriptive Survey method of research involving mixed methods was employed. Data collected was analyzed in SPSS using Descriptive Statistics. The study revealed that all of the respondents (100%) were Nigerian citizens with majority of whom (48.22%) lacking the basic western education. Male constituted 85.78% while women were only 14.21% of the study population. All respondents were found to be muslim faithful. Household sizes were relatively big (57.36%) and considerable number of the respondents was married young adults within the range of 25 -34 years. It was also discovered that majority of the respondents (30.46%) belong to the Kanuri tribe while Hausa, Fulani, Kare Kare and Bade tribes were represented as (26.40%), (26.90%), (8.12%) and (8.12%) respectively. Yobe state had the largest number of its indigenes (55.84%) living along the wetlands followed by Jigawa and Bauchi states having (29.95%) and (9.64%) respectively. Very good number of the respondents was engaged in fishing (26.40%) followed by crop farming (19.29%). Others were engaged in livestock farming, irrigation, transportation and hunting represented by (21.83%), (5.58%), (3.05%), and (1.52%) respectively while those engaged in trading, potash collection and Typha clearance were represented by (9.14%), (4.06%) and (3.55%) respectively. No tourists guide was found. Crops grown along the Nguru wetlands are maize (Zea mays) which is the most commonly grown crop followed by rice (Oryza sativa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Many farmers also grow beniseeds or seasame (Sesamum indicum), cassava (Manihot esculenta), corn (Zea mays) and beans Page | 20225 (Phaseolus vulgaris). Livestock commonly reared are cows (Bos taurus), goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries).However, all economic activities along the wetlands are seriously threatened by Typha invasion of the wetlands hence, government and other NGOs should employ effective control measures against this invasion in order to resuscitate the gradually perishing economic value of the Nguru wetlands.
In Sub-Saharan African Countries such as Nigeria with high prevalence rate, Child HIV/AIDs acquired through Mother-to-Child transmission (MTCT) can be largely prevented by using a well-established prevention programme and scheme. This study examined factors that can enhanced Prevention of Mother-to-Child transmission (PMTCT) in Nasarawa State. To achieve this, structured questionnaire were used to collect data from one hundred and sixteen (116) women attending two (2) primary facilities and two (2) secondary facilities in the State. This study utilized methods of Poisson Regression, Negative Binomial Regression and Logistic Regression Analyses. Results revealed that women with at least a secondary school education, women with husband in military and women with perceived confidentiality of their HIV status significantly enhanced PMTCT of HIV in Nasarawa State while significant proportion of the women attest to the fact that drugs are available in the facilities (p-value=0.0000<0.05) . Other factors include mother income level, willingness to continue with PMTCT programme and women in support group can also enhanced PMTCT though they are not significant. This study recommends that the factors identified should be explored by NGOs, Ministry of Health and, Support groups and other relevant agencies since they have the capacity to enhanced PMTCT of HIV in Nasarawa State, Nigeria.
In Indonesia, Casuarina montana usually planted as a road shading tree or in the home garden. This tree will be pruned periodically to reduce the amount of the canopy and maintain the beauty of its shape. Pruning biomass usually consists of the tip of the stem, branches, twigs, and leaves. The biomass has potency for energy or chemicals sources. This study aims to know about energy potential of various types of C. montana biomass and charcoal properties in different carbonization temperature. Six types of biomass from pruning waste of C. montana were used as samples. Branch has high potency as α-cellulose source, while bark including twig bark, branch bark, or stem bark have high potency as lignin source. When it is used as direct fuel (firewood), all biomass of C. montana possess quite high calorific value. When it is converted to be charcoal, temperature of 300°C is good for carbonizing the biomass twig, twig bark, branch bark, and stem bark, while biomass branch and stem need temperature of 400°C.
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