The research which studied impacts of Fulani herdsmen- farmers’ conflicts on crop production in Gujba and Tarmuwa Local Government Areas of Yobe state, Nigeria was conducted between the months of Januiary- February, 2019. Descriptive survey design involving mixed methods was used. Self-made Closed ended questionnaire and Structured Interview Guide were the data collection instruments used. Purposive and Systematic Random sampling techniques were used to select the 397 respondents who participated in the study. The sample size comprised of Fulani herdsmen, farmers, village and ward heads as well as some officials of the Department of Agriculture of the two L.G.A. Data collected was analysed in SPSS Version 20 using Descriptive Statistics and Chi square. Findings revealed that the majority of the respondents including both herdsmen and farmers were subsistence farmers though few also engage in commercial farming. Regarding the causes of the conflicts, lack of grazing fields, indiscriminate bush burning, crop destruction, Boko Haram insurgency etc. were responsible for the occurrence of the clashes. No significant difference was found in the perceptions of the herdsmen and farmers on causes of the conflicts. Impacts of Fulani herdsmen-farmers’ conflicts as revealed by the study included loss of crops, reduced productivity, loss of lives, increase in prices of agricultural products, increased poverty etc. Based on the findings made, it was concluded that, if the causes of herdsmen-farmers’ conflicts were not properly addressed; its impacts will continue to escalate with devastating consequences. Besides, the menace of food insecurity and Boko Haram insurgency which have bedeviled the areas for many years can also be worsened by the impacts of such conflicts especially that poverty, food insecurity and increased tension were also cited by many scholars as some of the factors fuelling Boko Haram insurgency in the areas studied. Thus, it was recommended that, in order to bring an end to the conflicts between herdsmen and farmers, governments at all levels should work out modalities on how to stop crop destruction by establishing cattle tracks and grazing zones where crop farming will be severely restricted and prevent indiscriminate bush burning. Sensitization programmes on how to maintain cordial relationships between farming communities and herdsmen should be organized by the government and other stakeholders while the issue of Boko Haram insurgency which led to decrease in farmers’ productivity should also be well addressed by the government and bring an end to it. Besides, the current land tenure system should be relaxed such that land acquisition becomes easier so that farm owners can expand their farms and produce more food crops and herdsmen can have access to more grazing fields.

Abstract:The study was conducted to assess the characteristics and socio economic activities of the local communities living along Nguru wetlands of Yobe state, Nigeria. Three towns situated along the wetlands namely Nguru, Kakori and Dogon Kuka all in Nguru Local Government Area of Yobe state, Nigeria were selected for the study. A total of 197 respondents from among the local communities participated in the study. Descriptive Survey method of research involving mixed methods was employed. Data collected was analyzed in SPSS using Descriptive Statistics. The study revealed that all of the respondents (100%) were Nigerian citizens with majority of whom (48.22%) lacking the basic western education. Male constituted 85.78% while women were only 14.21% of the study population. All respondents were found to be muslim faithful. Household sizes were relatively big (57.36%) and considerable number of the respondents was married young adults within the range of 25 -34 years. It was also discovered that majority of the respondents (30.46%) belong to the Kanuri tribe while Hausa, Fulani, Kare Kare and Bade tribes were represented as (26.40%), (26.90%), (8.12%) and (8.12%) respectively. Yobe state had the largest number of its indigenes (55.84%) living along the wetlands followed by Jigawa and Bauchi states having (29.95%) and (9.64%) respectively. Very good number of the respondents was engaged in fishing (26.40%) followed by crop farming (19.29%). Others were engaged in livestock farming, irrigation, transportation and hunting represented by (21.83%), (5.58%), (3.05%), and (1.52%) respectively while those engaged in trading, potash collection and Typha clearance were represented by (9.14%), (4.06%) and (3.55%) respectively. No tourists guide was found. Crops grown along the Nguru wetlands are maize (Zea mays) which is the most commonly grown crop followed by rice (Oryza sativa) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Many farmers also grow beniseeds or seasame (Sesamum indicum), cassava (Manihot esculenta), corn (Zea mays) and beans Page | 20225 (Phaseolus vulgaris). Livestock commonly reared are cows (Bos taurus), goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries).However, all economic activities along the wetlands are seriously threatened by Typha invasion of the wetlands hence, government and other NGOs should employ effective control measures against this invasion in order to resuscitate the gradually perishing economic value of the Nguru wetlands.

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In the field of health care management, smart wearable devices and its supporting technologies have tremendously made a name all around the globe. Smart watches and other sensor trackers are practically being used by various people and its usage has shown to be accompanied with lots  of benefits. This technology was envisaged to play a vital role in the healthcare needs of people; especially with applications in the healthcare sector. The objective of this study, therefore, is to evaluate the technological impact of wearable sensors in human health and fitness (HHF). A web based survey was used for data collection for the period of one month. Emails were sent to registered members of a particular gym who uses any of the smart wearable sensors in keeping fit. The study findings indicate that among the smart wearable devices examined, smart wristwatches (45.6%) appears to be the most commonly used wearable sensor device followed by smart wrist bands (34.7%), smart textiles (10.7%) and smart rings (9.1%). This signifies that a large number of people can effortlessly use SWSs and devices and are optimistic about its support in their daily  healthcare/fitness needs. Users are positive on the technological prospects of SWSs and devices; although there is a gap between personal  motivation to use wearable devices and trust in the confidentiality and privacy of data generated. Keywords: Devices, Health, Fitness, Wearable, Sensors