El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar diferencias en los niveles de autoestima, satisfacción con la vida y condiciones de habitabilidad en adolescentes estudiantes de quinto año de educación secundaria con base en un diseño factorial según género y pobreza. La pobreza se evaluó mediante el tipo de colegio, considerando que el distrito seleccionado muestra grandes brechas económicas entre pobladores pobres y no pobres. Se empleó un cuestionario de autorreporte voluntario y anónimo. Los resultados muestran que (1) respecto a la autoestima, las mujeres de escuela pública tuvieron el menor nivel, los varones de colegio privado, el mayor nivel, finalmente los varones de escuela pública y las mujeres de escuela privada tuvieron un similar nivel intermedio; (2) respecto a la satisfacción con la vida, nuevamente los varones de escuela pública alcanzaron el nivel más alto, las mujeres de colegio privado se ubicaron en segunda posición, y los hombres y mujeres de escuela pública tuvieron un similar nivel bajo; finalmente, (3) las condiciones de habitabilidad fueron mejores en estudiantes de escuela privada y peores en escuela pública, este hallazgo refuerza el uso del tipo de colegio como indicador de pobreza.
Environmental risk assessment is a key process for the authorization of pesticides, and is subjected to continuous challenges and updates. Current approaches are based on standard scenarios and independent substance-crop assessments. This arrangement does not address the complexity of agricultural ecosystems with mammals feeding on different crops. This work presents a simplified model for regulatory use addressing landscape variability, co-exposure to several pesticides, and predicting the effect on population abundance. The focus is on terrestrial vertebrates and the aim is the identification of the key risk drivers impacting on mid-term population dynamics. The model is parameterized for EU assessments according to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Guidance Document, but can be adapted to other regulatory schemes. The conceptual approach includes two modules: (a) the species population dynamics, and (b) the population impact of pesticide exposure. Population dynamics is modelled through daily survival and seasonal reproductions rates; which are modified in case of pesticide exposure. All variables, parameters, and functions can be modified. The model has been calibrated with ecological data for wild rabbits and brown hares and tested for two herbicides, glyphosate and bromoxynil, using validated toxicity data extracted from EFSA assessments. Results demonstrate that the information available for a regulatory assessment, according to current EU information requirements, is sufficient for predicting the impact and possible consequences at population dynamic levels. The model confirms that agroecological parameters play a key role when assessing the effect of pesticide exposure on population abundance. The integration of laboratory toxicity studies with this simplified landscape model allows for the identification of conditions leading to population vulnerability or resilience. An Annex includes a detailed assessment of the model characteristics according to the EFSA scheme on Good Modelling Practice.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.