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This study examined the effectiveness of filial therapy with teachers of deaf and hard of hearing preschool children and the effectiveness of filial therapy as a method of intervention for deaf and hard of hearing preschool students. Analysis of Covariance revealed that the teachers in the experimental group significantly improved their ability to communicate acceptance and empathy, as well as develop non-directive involvement with their students. Students whose teachers were in the experimental group exhibited significantly fewer overall behavior problems, including withdrawn and internalizing behaviors. Both quantitative and qualitative results indicated that preschool teachers of deaf and hard of hearing children may become effective therapeutic agents by learning and applying the basic skills of filial therapy training with their students.The problem of deafness and limited hearing in human beings has been part of the human story since before recorded history. In the United States, since the beginning of the public education system, educators, teachers, physicians, counselors, social workers, and other

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Producers in the wine industry are increasingly competing in the area of product differentiation. The focus of this article is product differentiation via sustainable viticulture and consumer perception. The authors report on their independent research, assess previous findings in the literature, and examine the industry trends. The study concludes with important observations on wine consumer perceptions of sustainable practices in the wine industry and implications for industry practices and product development.